1. What was the purpose of the loyalty reivew boards and HUAC?
A: The purpose of the loyalty review boards and HUAC was to catch Communists or spies for the Soviet Union within the United States.
2. How did the Cold War affect life in the 1950s?
A: The Cold War had a massive impact on American life in the 1950s. Fear of communism and of nuclear war dominated life for ordinary Americans as well as for government leaders throughout the era. The media often gave survival tips for the nuclear holocaust many saw just around the corner. Families built backyard fallout shelters and stocked them with canned food for protection. Schools set aside special areas as bomb shelters. In bomb drills, students learned to duck-and-cover. Cold War nightmares also appeared in films and popular fiction.
3. How did Eisenhower alter the nature of defense spending?
A: President Eisenhower altered the nature of defensive spending through the policy of massive retaliation. This policy enabled Eisenhower to cut military spending from $50 billion to $34 billion. He did this by cutting back the army, which required a lot of money to maintain.
On #2, you are missing the impact of McCarthyism, the HUAC, etc. Many people were blacklisted for employment, etc., because they had once investigated communist ideas, or were falsely accused of being communists. People often feared their neighbors, relatives, co-workers, friends, etc., because they MIGHT be communists, whether they were or not. What you have written is accurate, but incomplete. Your answers for the others are okay. On #3, please explain how reducing ground forces (army) saved money in favor of "total destruction" -- what does "total destruction" mean?
To get the answer to question 1, you can conduct research on loyalty review boards and HUAC (House Un-American Activities Committee). You can find information in books, articles, and reliable online sources that discuss the purpose and activities of these entities. It is important to cross-reference multiple sources to ensure accuracy and get a comprehensive understanding.
To answer question 2, you can examine primary and secondary sources that discuss the impact of the Cold War on life in the 1950s. Look for historical texts, documentaries, and personal accounts from that time period. These sources can provide insights into how the fear of communism and nuclear war affected various aspects of American life.
To answer question 3, you can study the policies and actions of President Eisenhower during his time in office. Look for reputable sources that analyze his defense spending decisions, particularly his policy of massive retaliation. This policy aimed to deter aggression from the Soviet Union by threatening a massive nuclear response. By investigating reliable sources, you can gain a deeper understanding of how Eisenhower altered defense spending during his presidency.
4. What was the purpose of the Interstate Highway Act?
A: The purpose of the Interstate Highway Act, also known as the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956, was to authorize the construction of a nationwide interstate highway system to improve transportation and promote economic growth in the United States. The act allocated funds for the construction of 41,000 miles of highways, connecting cities and towns across the country. It aimed to enhance national defense by facilitating the movement of military vehicles and personnel, as well as to provide better access to remote areas, increase mobility, and support the growing suburban population.
5. What were the main goals of President Kennedy's New Frontier program?
A: The main goals of President Kennedy's New Frontier program were to address key domestic issues and stimulate economic growth. The program focused on areas such as civil rights, education, healthcare, and economic development. Kennedy aimed to expand civil rights for African Americans, improve public education, create a national healthcare program for the elderly, and promote economic policies that would stimulate growth and reduce unemployment. The New Frontier program also aimed to inspire Americans to get involved in public service and embrace national goals.
6. What was the purpose of the Peace Corps?
A: The purpose of the Peace Corps, established in 1961 under President Kennedy, was to promote peace and friendship by providing assistance to developing countries. The Peace Corps sent American volunteers abroad to work on various projects such as education, agriculture, healthcare, and community development. These volunteers lived and worked alongside local communities, sharing their knowledge and skills to help improve living conditions and foster mutual understanding. The Peace Corps aimed to promote cross-cultural exchange and enhance global cooperation.