the annual rainfall in California's north valley averages 23 inches. So the rainfall next year will be 23 inches. Is that true beyona reasonable doubt; probably true; or possibly true,or possibly false
probably false, think out what an average exactly is.
It's both possibly true and possibly false.
As you know from grade averages, many different numbers go into making up an average. The likelihood of the North Valley getting its average rainfall in one year, is slim.
To determine whether the statement is true beyond a reasonable doubt, probably true, possibly true, or possibly false, we need more information. Annual rainfall can vary from year to year, so it is unlikely that the rainfall next year will be exactly 23 inches.
To make a more informed judgment, we can consider the standard deviation or range of rainfall in California's north valley. If the range or standard deviation is relatively small, then it might be more reasonable to expect the rainfall next year to be close to 23 inches. However, if there is a larger range in annual rainfall, it is more likely that the rainfall next year could deviate significantly from 23 inches.
To get more accurate information, we can analyze historical data or consult climate experts who study California's rainfall patterns.