At Erickson Autonomy Shame and Doubt stage how do parents hinder or promote a child development?

The first three articles listed here will explain this to you:

http://www.google.com/search?sourceid=navclient&aq=&oq=Erickson%27s+Shame+and+doubt+&ie=UTF-8&rlz=1T4VRHB_enUS648US649&q=erikson+shame+and+doubt&gs_l=hp..0.0i22i10i30j0i22i30l2.0.0.2.8876968...........0.90-4f_l5ick

Thanks for the help.

You're welcome. I hope it helps.

At Erickson's Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt stage, which occurs during the toddler years (around 18 months to 3 years old), parents play a crucial role in either hindering or promoting a child's development. Here's how parents can impact this stage in different ways:

1. Encouraging independence: Parents who support their child's efforts to be autonomous and independent by allowing age-appropriate decision-making and exploration help promote healthy development. They can accomplish this by offering choices, setting realistic expectations, and providing a safe environment for exploration.

2. Providing guidance and support: Parents who offer guidance while respecting the child's emerging sense of autonomy create an environment that fosters growth. For instance, they can offer assistance when needed, take time to explain instructions, and allow the child to make attempts and learn from mistakes.

3. Allowing appropriate risk-taking: Parents who strike a balance between keeping the child safe and allowing them to take age-appropriate risks can help the child develop confidence and independence. This may involve letting them climb playground equipment, dress themselves, or try new activities with proper supervision.

On the other hand, parents can hinder a child's development during this stage by:

1. Overprotectiveness: Being overly protective can prevent the child from exploring and making their own decisions, leading to feelings of shame and doubt about their abilities.

2. Overcriticism: Constant criticism or discouragement can make a child doubt their capabilities, eroding their sense of autonomy and self-confidence.

3. Overwhelming expectations: Setting unrealistic expectations or demanding perfection can overwhelm the child, leading to feelings of shame and inadequacy if they fail to meet those expectations.

To promote healthy development during this stage, it is important for parents to strike a balance between providing guidance and allowing independence, tailoring their approach to suit their child's individual needs and capabilities.