Can someone help me understand this Aristotle quote from Book 2 of Nicomachean Ethics:
Virtue, then, is a state of character concerned with choice, lying in a mean, i.e. the mean relative to us, this being determined by a rational principle, and by that principle by which the man of practical wisdom would determine it
Sure! Let's break down this Aristotle quote step by step to understand its meaning:
1. "Virtue, then, is a state of character concerned with choice": Aristotle defines virtue as a characteristic or quality of a person's character that relates to their choices and actions.
2. "Lying in a mean, i.e. the mean relative to us": Aristotle introduces the concept of the "mean," which is the middle ground between two extremes. He indicates that virtue lies in finding the balance between these extremes, depending on the individual and the situation.
3. "This being determined by a rational principle": Aristotle suggests that the mean, or the virtuous action, is determined through reasoning and rational thinking. It is not simply a matter of personal preference or arbitrary choice.
4. "By that principle by which the man of practical wisdom would determine it": Here, Aristotle refers to the idea that the virtuous action can be determined by the judgment of someone who possesses practical wisdom. In other words, a wise individual who possesses practical experience and knowledge can guide others towards virtuous choices.
To fully grasp this quote, it helps to understand Aristotle's overall philosophy. He believed that a virtuous life is achieved by finding the mean between extremes and acting in accordance with reason and practical wisdom.
Therefore, Aristotle is suggesting that virtue is not a fixed set of rules but a state of character that is determined by reason and practical experience. It involves making choices that find the middle ground between two extremes, while considering each individual and situation. The man of practical wisdom, someone with experience and good judgment, can guide us in determining the virtuous choice.