Excessive billing can take several forms. What are retainers?

A. Patients paying directly for services such as calls, refills, and conferences that Medicare considers covered.

B. Contracts for services that exceed Medicare limits.

C. Up-front fees for services covered by Medicare supplemental policies.

D. Patients giving up the right to question fees.

This one has got me stumped. Here is the paragraph that should have the answer. Maybe I am not reading between the lines:

"Some doctors cheat the system by requiring new patients to pay up-front "retainers" for a package of services purportedly not covered by Medicare in order to receive comprehensive treatment. Such packages are illegal if they are knowingly sold to patients who already have such coverage in their Medicare supplement policies".

The term "up-front" seems to point to the correct answer. Besides, A, B, and D are obviously wrong.

Based on the provided paragraph, the answer to the question is C. Retainers are up-front fees for services that are covered by Medicare supplemental policies. In this context, some doctors are requiring new patients to pay retainers for services that Medicare considers covered, but they claim those services are not covered in order to receive comprehensive treatment. It is important to note that this practice is illegal if patients already have coverage for those services in their Medicare supplement policies.