The following questions concern the iconic Nestle Toll House Chocolate Chip Cookie recipe, shown below:
2 1/4 cups all-purpose flour
1 teaspoon baking soda
1 teaspoon salt
1 cup butter or margarine, softened
3/4 cup granulated sugar
3/4 cup packed brown sugar
1 teaspoon vanilla extract
2 large egg
1 (12 ounce) package NESTLE® TOLL HOUSE® Semi-Sweet Chocolate Morsels
1 cup chopped nuts
1)Baking soda consists mostly of a single chemical. Look up what it is, its molecular weight and density, and determine the number of moles used in this recipe.
2)Granulated sugar consists mostly of a single chemical. Look up what it is, its molecular weight and density, and determine the number of moles used in this recipe.
3)Table salt consists mostly of a single chemical. Look up what it is, its molecular weight and density, and determine the number of moles used in this recipe.
What did you find when you looked these questions up?
To answer the questions about the Nestle Toll House Chocolate Chip Cookie recipe, we need to look up the information about the chemical composition and properties of three ingredients: baking soda, granulated sugar, and table salt.
1) Baking soda, also known as sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), is a chemical compound. Its molecular weight can be found by adding up the atomic weights of its elements:
- Sodium (Na) has an atomic weight of 22.99 g/mol
- Hydrogen (H) has an atomic weight of 1.008 g/mol
- Carbon (C) has an atomic weight of 12.01 g/mol
- Oxygen (O) has an atomic weight of 16.00 g/mol
So, the molecular weight of baking soda (NaHCO3) is:
22.99 + 1.008 + 12.01 + (3 × 16.00) = 84.01 g/mol.
To determine the number of moles used in the recipe, we need to know the mass of baking soda used. The recipe calls for 1 teaspoon of baking soda, but we'll need to convert that to grams.
To do this, we need to know the density of baking soda, which is approximately 2.16 g/cm³. One teaspoon is about 4.93 mL. Converting this volume to grams:
4.93 mL × 2.16 g/cm³ = 10.65 g.
Now, we can calculate the number of moles of baking soda:
Number of moles = Mass (g) / Molecular weight (g/mol)
Number of moles = 10.65 g / 84.01 g/mol = 0.127 moles.
Therefore, approximately 0.127 moles of baking soda are used in this recipe.
2) Granulated sugar is chemically known as sucrose (C12H22O11). To determine its molecular weight, we calculate:
- Carbon (C) has an atomic weight of 12.01 g/mol
- Hydrogen (H) has an atomic weight of 1.008 g/mol
- Oxygen (O) has an atomic weight of 16.00 g/mol
So, the molecular weight of sucrose (C12H22O11) is:
(12.01 × 12) + (1.008 × 22) + (16.00 × 11) = 342.30 g/mol.
To determine the number of moles used in the recipe, we need to know the mass of granulated sugar. The recipe calls for 3/4 cup of granulated sugar.
One cup of granulated sugar is approximately 200 g, so:
3/4 cup × 200 g/cup = 150 g.
Now we can calculate the number of moles of granulated sugar used:
Number of moles = Mass (g) / Molecular weight (g/mol)
Number of moles = 150 g / 342.30 g/mol = 0.438 moles.
Therefore, approximately 0.438 moles of granulated sugar are used in this recipe.
3) Table salt is chemically known as sodium chloride (NaCl). Its molecular weight can be calculated by adding up the atomic weights of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl):
- Sodium (Na) has an atomic weight of 22.99 g/mol
- Chlorine (Cl) has an atomic weight of 35.45 g/mol
So, the molecular weight of sodium chloride (NaCl) is:
22.99 + 35.45 = 58.44 g/mol.
To determine the number of moles used in the recipe, we need to know the mass of the table salt. The recipe calls for 1 teaspoon of table salt, but we'll need to convert that to grams.
The density of table salt is approximately 2.165 g/cm³. One teaspoon is about 4.93 mL. Converting this volume to grams:
4.93 mL × 2.165 g/cm³ = 10.66 g.
Now, we can calculate the number of moles of table salt:
Number of moles = Mass (g) / Molecular weight (g/mol)
Number of moles = 10.66 g / 58.44 g/mol = 0.183 moles.
Therefore, approximately 0.183 moles of table salt are used in this recipe.