Substances with paired orbital electrons are considered:
I don't know what they are considered to be but they are dimagnetic.
To determine whether substances have paired orbital electrons or not, we need to understand the electronic configuration of the atoms that make up the substance. In general, atoms have multiple energy levels or shells, and each shell is made up of subshells.
Each subshell has a specific number of orbitals, and each orbital can hold up to two electrons. Electrons within an orbital must have opposite spins, which means one electron spins clockwise (↑) and the other spins counterclockwise (↓).
Now, in terms of substances, when the atomic orbitals of atoms combine to form molecular orbitals, the electrons in these molecular orbitals can be either paired or unpaired. Here's what each scenario means:
1. Paired electrons: If all the electrons in the molecular orbitals are paired, it means that each orbital contains two electrons with opposite spins. This can occur when the total number of electrons in the molecular orbitals is an even number. Substances with paired electrons are typically more stable.
2. Unpaired electrons: If there are unpaired electrons in the molecular orbitals, it means that one or more orbitals contain only one electron. This happens when the total number of electrons in the molecular orbitals is an odd number. Substances with unpaired electrons tend to be more reactive.
To determine whether a substance has paired or unpaired electrons, you need to examine the electronic configuration of its constituent atoms. Count the number of electrons in each atom's valence shell (outermost electron shell) and use that information to determine the total number of electrons in the molecular orbitals.
By assessing the total number of electrons, you can determine if the substance has paired or unpaired electrons.