slight differences (mutations) in different individuals mean that some may survive while others perish. how did the Lederberg's demonstrate this. Briefly describe.
If mutated DNA Sequence #1 occurred in a single cell, would it be a more serious problem in a body cell or in a gametes(sex cell)? What might be the consequences of each?
The Lederbergs demonstrated the concept of slight genetic differences affecting survival through an experiment called replica plating. In this experiment, they exposed bacteria to antibiotics and observed that some bacteria survived while others died. They also found that the surviving bacteria developed resistance to the antibiotics due to random mutations in their DNA. This experiment showcased how slight differences in genetic makeup can impact an organism's ability to survive in the presence of a selective pressure like antibiotics.
Now, let's address your second question. If a mutated DNA sequence #1 occurred in a single cell, the consequences would depend on whether it occurred in a body cell or a gamete (sex cell).
If the mutation occurred in a body cell, it is referred to as a somatic mutation. Somatic mutations typically affect that particular cell and any daughter cells that may arise from it through cell division. These mutations are not passed on to offspring since they are not present in the genetic material of the gametes. The consequences of somatic mutations can vary depending on the specific mutation and its location. In some cases, somatic mutations can lead to the development of cancers or other diseases. However, they typically do not have a direct impact on future generations.
On the other hand, if the mutation occurred in a gamete (sex cell), it is referred to as a germ-line mutation. Germ-line mutations have the potential to be inherited by offspring and can have broader implications. These mutations can be passed on to subsequent generations, leading to genetic disorders or new variations in the population. Germ-line mutations can affect the individual carrying the mutation, as well as their descendants.
In summary, a mutated DNA sequence #1 occurring in a body cell would primarily affect that individual, potentially causing diseases or other health issues. Conversely, if the mutation occurred in a gamete, it could be passed on to offspring, influencing the genetic makeup of future generations.