Through which are the chromosomes, transmitted according to the path of transmission of factors from the parental generation to offspring's as indicated by Mendle? (1) hereditary chapters (2) evolution (3) heredity (4) gametes
The correct answer is (4) gametes.
To understand why gametes are the correct answer, let's begin by briefly explaining Mendel's experiments and his laws of inheritance. Gregor Mendel, also known as the "Father of Genetics," conducted groundbreaking research in the mid-19th century by studying the inheritance patterns of pea plants.
In his experiments, Mendel observed the transmission of specific traits from one generation to another. He selected pea plants with distinct characteristics, such as flower color (purple or white), seed shape (round or wrinkled), and many others.
Mendel cross-pollinated pea plants with different traits, ensuring that the pollen from one parent plant fertilized the eggs of another parent plant. This process produced offspring, which Mendel referred to as the first filial generation or F1 generation.
Mendel then allowed the F1 generation to self-fertilize, resulting in the second filial generation or F2 generation. By carefully analyzing the traits observed in the F1 and F2 generations, Mendel formulated his laws of inheritance.
One of Mendel's key findings was the Law of Segregation, which states that an individual inherits two alleles (alternative forms of a gene) for each trait, one from each parent. These alleles segregate during the production of gametes (reproductive cells), where each gamete carries only one allele for each trait.
When gametes from the F1 generation combine during fertilization, they form the offspring of the next generation. Therefore, the transmission of factors (genes) from the parental generation to offspring occurs through gametes.
In the given answer choices, "gametes" best represents the path of transmission of factors from the parental generation to the offspring, as indicated by Mendel's experiments on inheritance.