How did Jackson's war on the Second Bank of the US end up causing economic depression?
Answer : He claimed the National Bank was unconstitutional even though the Court ruled it as constitutional. He took federal funds out of the bank and ordered all western land to be made in gold or silver. Inflation happened which is an increase in prices and a decrease of the value of dollar. This led to the banks becoming bankrupt
Decent answer.
However, it is a common misconception that the Panic of 1837 was entirely Jackson's fault. Yes, he did withdraw federal funds from the federal bank and he did issue the Specie Circular. But other causes were easy credit (bad loans) and the over-speculation of land going on at that time.