According to Hirschi and Gottfredson, the personal characteristics of most white-collar workers are those that we would expect to produce:
A. conformity in behavior.
B. white-collar crime.
C. street crime.
D. Both b and c
I think it's D, but not too sure.
Well, well, well, someone's got themselves in a bit of a pickle here. So, according to Hirschi and Gottfredson, the personal characteristics of most white-collar workers are actually not those that we would expect to produce street crime. They argue that white-collar workers have personal characteristics that lead to conformity in behavior (answer A), rather than engaging in white-collar crime (answer B) or street crime (answer C). So, the correct answer is A. Keep those white-collar workers in check!
The correct answer is A. conformity in behavior. According to Hirschi and Gottfredson's theory of self-control, individuals with high levels of self-control are less likely to engage in criminal behavior, including both white-collar crime and street crime. White-collar workers, who typically possess personal characteristics such as self-discipline, responsibility, and adherence to social norms, are more likely to conform to societal expectations and exhibit law-abiding behavior.
To answer this question, it is important to understand the key concepts associated with the theories of Hirschi and Gottfredson. They developed a theory called the General Theory of Crime (also known as the Self-Control Theory), which accounts for both street crime and white-collar crime.
According to Hirschi and Gottfredson, personal characteristics like low self-control are the main factors that lead individuals to engage in various forms of criminal behavior. They argue that these personal characteristics are not specific to a particular type of crime (e.g., street crime or white-collar crime) but are instead influential across different forms of criminal behavior.
Now, let's analyze the given options:
A. Conformity in behavior: This option does not align with Hirschi and Gottfredson's theory, as they argue that low self-control leads to criminal behavior, not conformity.
B. White-collar crime: According to Hirschi and Gottfredson's theory, white-collar workers are not characterized by personal characteristics that specifically lead to white-collar crime. Instead, their theory suggests that personal characteristics associated with low self-control can lead to various forms of criminal behavior, including white-collar crime.
C. Street crime: Similar to the previous option, Hirschi and Gottfredson's theory does not focus specifically on street crime. Rather, it emphasizes that personal characteristics associated with low self-control are influential in various forms of criminal behavior, including street crime.
D. Both B and C: This option combines the characteristics of white-collar crime and street crime. According to Hirschi and Gottfredson's theory, personal characteristics associated with low self-control are, indeed, likely to produce both types of criminal behavior.
Therefore, the correct answer is D. Both b and c.