A compound D, CH3CHCLCH2CH3 was boiled under reflux for some time with dilute NaOH solution.. Dilute nitric acid was then added to the mixture, followed by dilute silver nitrate solution. A Few drops of concentrated ammonia solution were then added. What observation were expected and explain the observation with the help of chemical equations.
The given compound D, CH3CHClCH2CH3, undergoes a series of reactions when boiled under reflux with dilute NaOH solution, followed by the addition of dilute nitric acid and dilute silver nitrate solution, and then concentrated ammonia solution.
First, let's go through the reactions step by step:
1. Boiling under reflux with dilute NaOH:
The presence of NaOH under reflux conditions typically leads to the reaction known as nucleophilic substitution. In this case, the chlorine atom (Cl) in CH3CHClCH2CH3 is replaced by the hydroxide ion (OH-) from NaOH, resulting in the formation of an alcohol:
CH3CHClCH2CH3 + NaOH → CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3 + NaCl
Observation: The compound D is converted into an alcohol, CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3.
2. Addition of dilute nitric acid:
The addition of dilute nitric acid allows for the reaction called nitration. In this case, the alcohol group (OH) in CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3 reacts with nitric acid (HNO3) to form the corresponding nitrate ester:
CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3 + HNO3 → CH3CH(ONO2)CH2CH3 + H2O
Observation: The alcohol is converted into the nitrate ester CH3CH(ONO2)CH2CH3.
3. Addition of dilute silver nitrate solution:
The nitrate ester formed in the previous step can undergo a reaction called nucleophilic substitution under certain conditions. When reacted with dilute silver nitrate (AgNO3), the nitrate ester group (-ONO2) in CH3CH(ONO2)CH2CH3 is replaced by a silver ion (Ag+), resulting in the formation of a silver salt:
CH3CH(ONO2)CH2CH3 + AgNO3 → CH3CH(OAg)CH2CH3 + HNO3
Observation: The nitrate ester is converted into a silver salt, which appears as a white precipitate.
4. Addition of concentrated ammonia solution:
Finally, the addition of concentrated ammonia (NH3) allows for the formation of a complex compound with the silver ion. This complex is a coordination compound where the silver ion is coordinated with ammonia molecules:
CH3CH(OAg)CH2CH3 + NH3 → CH3CH(OAg)(NH3)CH2CH3
Observation: The white precipitate dissolves upon adding concentrated ammonia solution, forming a colorless solution.
Overall, the expected observations can be summarized as follows:
- Initially, the compound D undergoes nucleophilic substitution with NaOH, converting it into an alcohol.
- Subsequent reactions with nitric acid and silver nitrate form a white precipitate of the silver salt.
- The addition of concentrated ammonia solution leads to the dissolution of the precipitate, forming a colorless complex solution.