Increasing pressure does what to solubility. Increasing surface area? increasing temp?
Increasing P has little effect on the solubility of solids but it increases the solubility of gases. Increasing surface area of solids increases solubility and increased agitation helps also. Increasing temperature increases the solubility of most solids but decreases some. increasing T decreases solubility of gases.
Increasing pressure generally increases the solubility of a gas in a liquid. This is because an increase in pressure leads to more gas molecules being forced into the liquid, increasing the number of collisions between gas and liquid molecules. Consequently, more gas molecules dissolve in the liquid, resulting in a higher solubility.
To understand why increasing pressure affects solubility, we need to consider Henry's Law, which states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid. In other words, as the pressure of the gas above the liquid increases, so does its solubility.
On the other hand, increasing pressure usually does not have a significant effect on the solubility of solids or liquids in a liquid solution. Therefore, only gases are affected by changes in pressure.
Increasing the surface area of a solid generally increases its solubility in a liquid. This is because increasing the surface area provides more exposed surface for the solvent molecules to interact with the solute particles. As a result, more solvent molecules can surround and dissolve the solute, leading to an increased solubility.
For example, if you have a whole sugar cube and place it in a cup of water, the dissolution process will be relatively slow. However, if you finely crush the sugar cube into powder, exposing a larger surface area, the sugar will dissolve more rapidly in the water because there are more sugar particles for the water molecules to interact with.
Increasing the temperature usually increases the solubility of solid solutes in a liquid, but it can have both increasing and decreasing effects on the solubility of a gas in a liquid.
In the case of solid solutes, increasing the temperature enhances the kinetic energy of the molecules, facilitating more rapid and energetic collisions between the solvent and solute particles. This results in a higher rate of dissolution, leading to an increase in solubility.
However, the effect of temperature on the solubility of gases in liquids is more complex. In many cases, increasing the temperature decreases the solubility of a gas in a liquid. This happens because the gas molecules gain more kinetic energy with increased temperature, enabling them to overcome intermolecular forces and escape from the liquid phase. Consequently, the solubility of the gas decreases. However, there are exceptions where increasing temperature increases the solubility of certain gases, such as in cases where the dissolution process is endothermic.
In summary:
- Increasing pressure generally increases the solubility of gases in liquids.
- Increasing surface area generally increases the solubility of solids in liquids.
- Increasing temperature generally increases the solubility of solids in liquids, but for gases, it can either increase or decrease solubility depending on the specific circumstances.