What elements of modernity and progress represented nineteenth century goals of liberalism?

What characteristics did nineteenth century liberals consider to be impediments to achieving a modern and "civilized" society?

P.S. I really just need help understanding the questions and what they are asking. If someone could re-word the questions that would be helpful and greatly appreciated.

You need to check your book to find how its author defines nineteenth century goals of liberalism. Then find what s/he says about modernity and progress at this time. There should be something about factories and industrial revolution.

Sure, let me rephrase the questions for better understanding:

1. In the 19th century, what aspects of modernity and progress did liberal thinkers consider important goals?

2. According to 19th-century liberals, what characteristics were seen as obstacles to creating a modern and "civilized" society?

To answer the first question, we need to understand what was meant by modernity and progress in the 19th century, and how liberalism relates to these concepts. In the context of the 19th century, modernity referred to embracing industrialization, urbanization, scientific advancements, individual rights, and democratic principles. Progress, on the other hand, referred to the belief that societies should constantly strive towards improvement, development, and betterment.

Liberalism, as an ideology, focuses on individual freedom, limited government intervention, and a belief in progress through reason and change. Liberal thinkers in the 19th century aimed to promote certain elements of modernity and progress. These typically included advancements in science, technology, industry, education, and the expansion of individual liberties and rights. Achieving these goals was seen as an essential part of creating a society that was more prosperous, equitable, and better suited to the needs of individuals.

Regarding the second question, 19th-century liberals identified certain characteristics they believed impeded the creation of a modern and "civilized" society. These characteristics were often seen as traditional, backward, or authoritarian in nature. Some common impediments identified by liberals included:

1. Monarchical or autocratic rule: Liberals favored limited government power, with a preference for representative institutions or democratic systems.
2. Lack of individual rights: Liberals advocated for the protection of civil liberties, such as freedom of speech, assembly, and religion.
3. Social inequality: Liberals sought to combat social hierarchies and promote social mobility, often by advocating for equal opportunity and meritocracy.
4. Limited access to education: Education was viewed as crucial for societal progress, and liberals often emphasized the need for widespread education to foster an enlightened and informed citizenry.
5. Prejudice and discrimination: Liberals aimed to challenge and overcome societal prejudices based on class, race, gender, and religion.

Overall, 19th-century liberals believed that achieving a modern and "civilized" society required embracing the ideals of progress, individual freedom, equality, and reason, while addressing the impediments that hindered their realization.