Describe the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote. Be specific about the description of each type of cell (i.e. tell which cell type has which characteristics.)
http://www.life.umd.edu/classroom/bsci424/BSCI223WebSiteFiles/ProkaryoticvsEukaryotic.htm
Thank you!
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes are the two main types of cells that make up living organisms. They possess distinct structural and functional differences, primarily centered around their genetic material and cellular organization.
Prokaryotes are simple, single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. They include bacteria and archaea. Prokaryotic cells typically have a circular DNA molecule that floats freely in the cytoplasm, rather than being enclosed within a nucleus. This DNA contains the organism's genetic information, controlling its cellular processes. Prokaryotes lack other membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, chloroplasts, or endoplasmic reticulum. Instead, they contain ribosomes for protein synthesis and may have a cell wall for structure and protection. Their sizes range from 1-10 micrometers.
On the other hand, eukaryotes are more complex, multicellular organisms that have a nucleus and various membrane-bound organelles within their cells. Eukaryotic cells can be found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists. The nucleus serves as the control center and houses the cell's DNA, which is organized into multiple linear chromosomes. This nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by the nuclear membrane, allowing for regulated gene expression and protection of the DNA. Eukaryotic cells also possess other organelles, such as mitochondria for energy production, endoplasmic reticulum for protein synthesis and transport, Golgi apparatus for sorting and modifying proteins, and lysosomes for cellular waste disposal. Eukaryotic cells may also have a cell wall, but it differs in composition and function from that of prokaryotes. Eukaryotic cell sizes can range from 10-100 micrometers.
In summary, prokaryotes are simple, single-celled organisms lacking a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotes, on the other hand, are more complex, multicellular organisms with a nucleus and various membrane-bound organelles within their cells.