Explain how human activities can cause an imbalance in biogeochemical cycling and lead to problems such as cultural eutrophication and fish kills.

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There are many reasons how human activities can lead to an imbalance of biochemical cycling, anything that the natural environment is not familiar with can damage or throw off biochemical balance

One of the negative impacts of eutrophication and increased algal growth is a loss of available oxygen, known as anoxia. These anoxic conditions can kill fish and other aquatic organisms such as amphibians. However, how does eutrophication actually lower oxygen levels when it is common knowledge algae produce oxygen?
It is true algae produce oxygen, but only when there is enough light. Eutrophication reduces the clarity of water and underwater light. In eutrophic lakes, algae are starved for light. When algae don’t have enough light they stop producing oxygen and in turn begin consuming oxygen

Compare and contrast the traits and growth patterns of opportunistic versus equilibrium populations.

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To understand how human activities can cause an imbalance in biogeochemical cycling, it's important to first understand the concept of biogeochemical cycling. Biogeochemical cycling refers to the movement and transformation of elements and compounds through the biological, geological, and chemical processes that occur in the environment.

One example of a biogeochemical cycle is the nitrogen cycle. In a natural ecosystem, nitrogen is fixed by bacteria in the soil, taken up by plants, consumed by animals, and eventually returned to the soil through decomposition. This cycle maintains a balance of nitrogen in the ecosystem.

However, human activities can disrupt this balance in several ways. One major way is through the excessive use of fertilizers in agriculture. Nitrogen-based fertilizers provide plants with an abundant source of nitrogen, leading to increased plant growth. However, when these fertilizers are overused or improperly managed, excess nitrogen can enter nearby water bodies through runoff.

This excess nitrogen in the water can cause cultural eutrophication, a process in which excessive nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, promote the growth of algae and other aquatic plants. As these plants proliferate, they can create dense mats or blooms, blocking the sunlight that other plants and organisms need, leading to a decrease in biodiversity. When these algae die and decompose, bacteria consume oxygen in the water to break down the organic matter, resulting in oxygen depletion. This oxygen depletion can lead to fish kills, as fish and other aquatic organisms are unable to survive in oxygen-deprived waters.

So, in summary, human activities can cause an imbalance in biogeochemical cycling by introducing excessive nutrients, like nitrogen, into ecosystems through the use of fertilizers. This excess nutrient input can disrupt the natural balance of the nitrogen cycle, leading to cultural eutrophication and fish kills. To prevent such problems, proper management of fertilizer use, reducing runoff, and implementing wastewater treatment systems can help restore and maintain the balance of biogeochemical cycles.