Use a hypothetical organism with a diploid adult and describe the chromosomal make up of the eggs that would result from two different nondisjunction errors in meiosis. If normal sperm fertilized these eggs,what would the chromosomal makeup be of the resulting zygote? Use labelled diagrams

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To understand the chromosomal makeup of eggs resulting from nondisjunction errors in meiosis and the resulting zygote, let's consider a hypothetical organism with a diploid adult.

During meiosis, when the cells are dividing to form gametes (eggs or sperm), nondisjunction can occur. Nondisjunction is the failure of chromosomes to separate properly, resulting in an abnormal distribution of chromosomes in the gametes.

Let's consider two different nondisjunction errors:

1. Nondisjunction of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I:
In this case, homologous chromosomes fail to separate during the first division of meiosis. As a result, both copies of a chromosome (from the mother and father) go into the same daughter cell, while the other daughter cell lacks that chromosome.

Diagram:
Normal Meiosis I: Nondisjunction Error:
Maternal Chromosome Paternal Chromosome
| |
-----------------------------
| |
Homologous Chromosomes Fail to Separate
-----------------------------
| |
Daughter Cell 1 Daughter Cell 2
(2n+1 chromosomes) (2n-1 chromosomes)

The eggs resulting from this nondisjunction error will have an abnormal chromosome number. The egg in Daughter Cell 1 will have one extra chromosome (2n+1), while the egg in Daughter Cell 2 will be missing one chromosome (2n-1).

2. Nondisjunction of sister chromatids during meiosis II:
In this case, sister chromatids fail to separate during the second division of meiosis. Both copies of a chromosome end up in the same gamete.

Diagram:
Normal Meiosis II: Nondisjunction Error:
Maternal Chromatid Paternal Chromatid
| |
------------------------------------
| |
Sister Chromatids Fail to Separate
------------------------------------
| |
Gamete
(2n+1 chromosomes)

The eggs resulting from this nondisjunction error will also have an abnormal chromosome number. The gamete will have one extra chromosome (2n+1).

If normal sperm fertilizes these eggs, the resulting zygote's chromosomal makeup will be determined by the fusion of the sperm and egg chromosomes.

Considering the examples above, the following possibilities can occur for the resulting zygote:

1. If the normal sperm fertilizes the egg from Daughter Cell 1 (2n+1), the resulting zygote will have an extra chromosome compared to the normal diploid condition (2n+1+1).

2. If the normal sperm fertilizes the egg from Daughter Cell 2 (2n-1), the resulting zygote will have a normal diploid chromosome number (2n+1).

3. If the normal sperm fertilizes the gamete with an extra chromosome (2n+1), the resulting zygote will have an extra chromosome (2n+1+1).

Please note that the diagrams above represent a simplistic explanation for visual understanding and that the actual complexity of nondisjunction can vary depending on the organism and specific chromosomes involved.