Which of the following processes is used in order to fabricate monocrystalline silicon?
Note that more than one correct answer is possible.
The Czochralski process
Silicon ribbon process
The float-zone process
The silicon casting process
To determine which processes are used in fabricating monocrystalline silicon, we need to understand the different methods involved. Here's an explanation of each process:
1. The Czochralski Process: This is a common method for growing monocrystalline silicon. In this process, a seed crystal is dipped into a molten silicon melt and slowly withdrawn while rotating. The silicon solidifies and forms a monocrystalline ingot around the seed crystal.
2. Silicon Ribbon Process: This process involves pulling a thin, continuous ribbon of silicon from a molten silicon melt. The ribbon is then cooled and processed into monocrystalline silicon wafers.
3. The Float-Zone Process: In this process, a polycrystalline silicon rod is passed through a high-temperature zone. As it moves through the zone, impurities are selectively removed, and a narrow monocrystalline region is formed.
4. The Silicon Casting Process: This process involves melting polycrystalline silicon and casting it into a monocrystalline silicon seed crystal. The seed crystal acts as a template, and the molten silicon solidifies around it, forming a monocrystalline structure.
Based on these descriptions, the correct answers are:
- The Czochralski Process
- The Float-Zone Process
Both of these methods are commonly used in the fabrication of monocrystalline silicon.