Can you help me with these questions and explain why the answers are chosen. I think I have the answers but not quite sure how to write why I chose those answers.

Different measures of disease are useful to evaluate and assess public health programs and needs in different situations. For each of the following situations indicate (1) which measure (from the list below) would best be used, and (2) explain why you chose that measure.

Situations

A. To demonstrate that railroad crossings need to be safer to prevent car-train crashes = I
B. To demonstrate that a primary prevention program is successful = P
C. To demonstrate that a new leukemia treatment is successful = C or M
D. To estimate the healthcare facilities needed to support Alzheimer's patients = P
E. To argue that AIDS is a public health problem = P or I
F. The argue that heart disease should get more funding than AIDS = P
G. To demonstrate that a new screening program for breast cancer is effective = M

Measures of Disease

I=incidence rate
P=prevalence rate
C=case fatality rate
M=mortality rate (crude death rate)
A=absolute number of cases (counts)

Thank you

Sure! I can help you with these questions and explain why the answers are chosen. Let's go through each situation and determine which measure would be best and why.

A. To demonstrate that railroad crossings need to be safer to prevent car-train crashes = I (Incidence Rate)
Explanation: The incidence rate is the number of new cases of a particular disease or event (in this case, car-train crashes) within a specified time period. By calculating the incidence rate, we can assess how common car-train crashes are at railroad crossings. If the incidence rate is high, it indicates that there is a significant problem that needs to be addressed.

B. To demonstrate that a primary prevention program is successful = P (Prevalence Rate)
Explanation: The prevalence rate is the number of existing cases of a particular disease or event in a population at a given time. In this case, if we want to assess the success of a primary prevention program (which aims to prevent the occurrence of a disease), we need to measure the prevalence rate before and after the implementation of the program. A decrease in the prevalence rate would indicate that the program is effective in preventing the disease.

C. To demonstrate that a new leukemia treatment is successful = C or M (Case Fatality Rate or Mortality Rate)
Explanation: The case fatality rate is the proportion of individuals diagnosed with a specific disease (leukemia) who die from it. If we want to assess the success of a new leukemia treatment, we can calculate the case fatality rate before and after the introduction of the treatment. A decrease in the case fatality rate would indicate that the treatment is effective in reducing the number of deaths.

Alternatively, the mortality rate (crude death rate) can also be used to assess the overall deaths due to leukemia in a population. By comparing the mortality rate before and after the introduction of the treatment, we can determine if the new treatment is reducing the number of deaths from leukemia.

D. To estimate the healthcare facilities needed to support Alzheimer's patients = P (Prevalence Rate)
Explanation: The prevalence rate is used to measure the number of existing cases of a disease or condition in a population. By estimating the prevalence rate of Alzheimer's disease, we can determine the number of individuals who require healthcare facilities and support for their condition. This information is valuable in planning and allocating resources for Alzheimer's patients.

E. To argue that AIDS is a public health problem = P or I (Prevalence Rate or Incidence Rate)
Explanation: Both the prevalence rate and incidence rate are relevant in assessing AIDS as a public health problem. The prevalence rate will tell us how many people are currently living with AIDS in a population and the incidence rate will give us the number of new AIDS cases within a specific time period. By using either measure, we can demonstrate the extent of the problem and the need for public health interventions.

F. To argue that heart disease should get more funding than AIDS = P (Prevalence Rate)
Explanation: To argue that heart disease should receive more funding than AIDS, we can consider the prevalence rate of both diseases. The higher the prevalence rate of a disease, the greater the burden it places on society and the more resources it requires. By comparing the prevalence rates of heart disease and AIDS, we can justify the need for more funding for heart disease based on its higher prevalence.

G. To demonstrate that a new screening program for breast cancer is effective = M (Mortality Rate)
Explanation: The mortality rate is the number of deaths due to a specific disease (breast cancer) in a population. To assess the effectiveness of a new screening program for breast cancer, we can calculate the mortality rate before and after the implementation of the program. If the mortality rate decreases after the screening program is introduced, it indicates that the program is effective in reducing deaths from breast cancer.

I hope this explanation helps you understand why each measure is chosen for the given situations. If you have any further questions, feel free to ask!