Thomas Nagel argues that all rules of engagement should be governed by the utilitarian principle that
maximizes overall happiness and minimizes overall suffering. He believes that the moral worth of an action should be determined by its consequences and its ability to promote the greatest well-being for the greatest number of people.
To arrive at this conclusion, Nagel engages in moral reasoning and ethical discourse. He employs utilitarianism as his guiding principle, which is a moral theory that evaluates actions based on their utility or usefulness in maximizing overall happiness and minimizing overall suffering. Utilitarianism considers the consequences of an action and its impact on the well-being of individuals affected by it.
One way to understand Nagel's argument is to examine the ethical framework he uses. Utilitarianism requires considering the potential outcomes and weighing the overall net happiness or suffering they would generate. To apply this principle, Nagel suggests that rules of engagement should be designed based on whether they would result in the greatest happiness and least suffering for those involved.
Moreover, Nagel emphasizes that the utilitarian principle should govern all rules of engagement, meaning that any action taken should align with maximizing overall happiness and minimizing overall suffering. This principle can be seen as a way to ensure fairness, justice, and the common good.
In summary, Nagel argues that utilitarianism provides a moral foundation for determining the worth of actions and governing rules of engagement. By focusing on maximizing overall happiness and minimizing overall suffering, he believes that decisions and rules can promote the greatest well-being for the greatest number of people.