You use 100 ml ethylchloride (density 0.92 g/ml) to extract 25 ml ethylene bromohydrin (density 2.41 g/ml) mixed with 100 ml. Is the aqueous layer the lower or the upper layer. How could you easily test this.

You dissolve sodium chloride 40g. in the above mixture. Assuming the aqueous layer will have a volume of 112 ml, will the aqueous phase be the lower or the upper layer? Explain.

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To determine if the aqueous layer is the lower or upper layer, we need to compare the densities of the two layers. The layer with the higher density will be the lower layer, and the layer with the lower density will be the upper layer.

For the first question, we are given the densities of ethylchloride (0.92 g/ml) and ethylene bromohydrin (2.41 g/ml). Ethylchloride has a lower density than ethylene bromohydrin. Since density of the lower layer is greater than density of the upper layer, the aqueous layer will be the lower layer.

To easily test this, you can take a small sample of the mixture in a test tube and add water. If the added water dissolves in the mixture, then it means the mixture is the upper layer. If it settles at the bottom of the test tube, it means the mixture is the lower layer.

For the second question, we are adding sodium chloride (40g) to the mixture. Sodium chloride is soluble in water, so it will dissolve in the aqueous layer. This will increase the density of the aqueous layer. Thus, the aqueous phase (containing dissolved sodium chloride) will become denser than the organic layer (ethylchloride and ethylene bromohydrin mixture).

Assuming the total volume of the mixture remains the same after adding the sodium chloride, the increase in density of the aqueous layer will cause it to become the lower layer. So, after adding sodium chloride, the aqueous phase will be the lower layer.