what accident investigation / forensic methods are used in aviation?
https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/process.html
Accident investigation and forensic methods play a crucial role in determining the causes of aviation accidents. Here are some key methods employed in aviation accident investigation:
1. Data Collection: Investigators gather a wide range of data, including flight data recorder (FDR) and cockpit voice recorder (CVR) data, air traffic control communications, maintenance records, witness statements, and meteorological information.
2. Examination of Wreckage: Investigators meticulously examine the wreckage of the aircraft, looking for any physical evidence that could provide insight into the accident. This includes analyzing damage patterns, identifying any faulty components or systems, and conducting metallurgical examinations.
3. Human Factors Analysis: Investigators consider human factors such as crew performance, decision-making, and communication. They analyze factors like crew training, experience, fatigue levels, and psychological factors that may have contributed to the accident.
4. Simulation and Modeling: Computer simulations and modeling techniques are used to recreate and analyze the accident scenario. This helps investigators understand the sequence of events, effects of different factors, and potential causal factors.
5. Fire and Explosion Investigation: If an accident involves fire or explosion, investigators examine the remnants of the fire, looking for indicators of ignition sources, fuel sources, and the spread of fire. They also analyze any explosions that might have occurred during or after the accident.
6. Material Analysis: Detailed examinations of materials, such as aircraft components, engine parts, and structural components, provide insights into possible manufacturing defects, material failures, or maintenance-related issues.
7. Autopsy and Toxicology Analysis: In cases involving fatalities, autopsies are conducted to determine causes of death. Toxicology analyses of blood and other samples help identify the presence of drugs, alcohol, or other substances that might have influenced crew performance.
8. Documentation Analysis: Investigators review documentation, including operating procedures, maintenance records, flight manuals, and regulatory compliance documents, to assess whether standard procedures were followed.
It's important to note that the above methods are just a general overview, and the exact procedures can vary depending on the specific circumstances of the accident and the investigative authority involved.