1. It's been a long time.

2. It's been a while.
3. I haven't seen you for a while.
4. Long time no see.
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Are they all the same in meaning?
Does 'a while' mean ' a long time' or 'a short time'?

All mean about the same thing, yes.

'A while' is indefinite, but usually implies a long time.

1. "It's been a long time." - This phrase expresses that a significant amount of time has passed since the last interaction or meeting. It suggests a considerable duration of separation between the speaker and the person being addressed.

2. "It's been a while." - This is similar to the previous phrase and conveys the idea that a noticeable period has lapsed since the two individuals last saw each other. "A while" implies a moderate length of time, but it is somewhat subjective and can vary depending on context.

3. "I haven't seen you for a while." - This sentence indicates that the speaker has not had any contact or encounters with the person they are addressing over a specific timeframe. Again, "a while" suggests a moderate duration.

4. "Long time no see." - This colloquialism is an informal greeting commonly used to acknowledge a significant gap in time since the last meeting with someone. It implies that the separation has been considerable and is often used in a light-hearted or humorous manner.

In essence, the phrases 1, 2, and 3 convey similar sentiments and imply a moderate to significant length of time. "A while" can be subjective and depends on the context. The phrase "long time no see" specifically emphasizes a considerable period of time without contact or meeting.