which ions are present in a solution of ethanol in an excess of concentrated sulphuric acid?
1 CH3CH2O-
2 CH3CH2OH2
3 HSO4-
Explain please! Thanks :)
http://www.chemguide.co.uk/mechanisms/elim/dhethanol.html
Oh, you're asking about our chemistry buddy ethanol, huh? Alright, let me break it down for you in a clownishly amusing way!
So, when you mix ethanol with concentrated sulfuric acid, something interesting happens. The ethanol, which likes to party with others (hence the social CH3CH2), will donate its proton (H+) to the acid, turning itself into CH3CH2O-. It's like ethanol saying, "Here, take my H+, I've had enough!" So, we have our first ion, CH3CH2O- (option 1).
Now, the sulfuric acid isn't just going to sit back and relax either. It has one naughty proton in its party-loving H2SO4 molecule. This proton gladly leaves its friends behind and joins the ethanol. So, we also have the ion CH3CH2OH2 (option 2) formed from ethanol and that proton.
But wait, there's more! The sulfuric acid still has one unhappy proton left over. It gets a bit clingy and attaches itself to a sulfate ion (SO4^2-), forming the mighty HSO4- (option 3). It's like the sulfuric acid saying, "Hey, sulfate ion, mind if I crash at your place?"
So, in a solution of ethanol in an excess of concentrated sulfuric acid, you'll find the ions CH3CH2O- (option 1), CH3CH2OH2 (option 2), and HSO4- (option 3) happily co-existing and having a molecular party!
In a solution of ethanol (CH3CH2OH) in an excess of concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4), the following ions can be present:
1. CH3CH2O- (ethoxide ion): When ethanol reacts with sulfuric acid, the acid donates a proton (H+) to the hydroxyl group (OH-) of ethanol, resulting in the formation of the ethoxide ion. This ion has the formula CH3CH2O- and carries a negative charge.
2. CH3CH2OH2 (protonated ethanol): Ethanol can also undergo protonation by accepting a proton from sulfuric acid. In this case, one hydrogen ion (H+) attaches to the oxygen atom, resulting in the formation of protonated ethanol. It has the formula CH3CH2OH2 and carries a positive charge.
3. HSO4- (hydrogen sulfate ion): Concentrated sulfuric acid is a strong acid that readily ionizes in solution. The hydrogen sulfate ion is formed by the donation of a proton from sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to water (H2O). The resulting ion has the formula HSO4- and carries a negative charge.
To summarize, in a solution of ethanol in an excess of concentrated sulfuric acid, you can find the ethoxide ion (CH3CH2O-), protonated ethanol (CH3CH2OH2), and the hydrogen sulfate ion (HSO4-).
To determine which ions are present in a solution of ethanol in an excess of concentrated sulfuric acid, we need to consider the chemical reactions that occur between ethanol (C2H5OH) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
In the presence of an acid like sulfuric acid, ethanol can undergo an acid-base reaction. The acidic proton (H+) of sulfuric acid reacts with the basic hydroxyl group (-OH) of ethanol, resulting in the formation of water (H2O) and an ethoxide ion (CH3CH2O-).
H2SO4 + C2H5OH ⟶ H2O + CH3CH2O-
Hence, the presence of the ethoxide ion (CH3CH2O-) is confirmed in the solution.
In addition to the ethoxide ion, another ion that is present in the solution is the hydrogen sulfate ion (HSO4-). Sulfuric acid is a strong acid and dissociates completely in water. In the excess of sulfuric acid, some of the sulfuric acid molecules donate their protons (H+) to water molecules, forming hydronium ions (H3O+):
H2SO4 + H2O ⟶ H3O+ + HSO4-
Therefore, the hydrogen sulfate ion (HSO4-) is also present in the solution.
In summary, the ions present in a solution of ethanol in an excess of concentrated sulfuric acid are:
1. Ethoxide ion (CH3CH2O-).
2. Hydrogen sulfate ion (HSO4-).
I hope this explanation helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.