Thank you very much.
I still have these sentences I'm doubtful about.
My doubt is whether I should use the present perfect or the simple past (considering that it is the end of the school year)
1) Exercises for literary text analyses aimed at developing lexicon have been prepared by the teacher, photocopied and handed out to students. 2) Furthermore, summary exercises have been carried out after reading simplified versions of the following books:
3) Listening exercises have been carried out with the aim of delving into the historic context of classic literature, but also to demonstrate correct reading (i.e. pronunciation) of literary texts featured in the books in question.
4) Excerpts from films based on the mentioned literary works have been also be shown. Right from the start of the second quarter, listening and lexical exercises using the BBC World web portal have been be done with the aim of discussing recent news.
1) For the first sentence, both the present perfect and the simple past can be used, depending on the context and the intended meaning. Let's explore both options:
a) Present perfect: "Exercises for literary text analyses aimed at developing lexicon have been prepared by the teacher, photocopied and handed out to students." This suggests that the preparation, photocopying, and distribution of the exercises have recently been completed and have a connection to the present moment. The focus is on the action being completed in the past and having a relevant impact on the current situation.
b) Simple past: "Exercises for literary text analyses aimed at developing lexicon were prepared by the teacher, photocopied and handed out to students." This implies that the actions of preparing, photocopying, and distributing the exercises occurred at a specific point in the past, without any direct link to the present moment. The focus is on the completion of the actions themselves, rather than their current relevance.
2) The same considerations apply to the second sentence:
a) Present perfect: "Furthermore, summary exercises have been carried out after reading simplified versions of the following books." This indicates that the reading and subsequent completion of summary exercises have taken place recently, with a connection to the present.
b) Simple past: "Furthermore, summary exercises were carried out after reading simplified versions of the following books." This suggests that the reading and completion of summary exercises happened at a specific time in the past, without any direct relevance to the present.
3) In this sentence, the present perfect is used correctly: "Listening exercises have been carried out with the aim of delving into the historic context of classic literature, but also to demonstrate correct reading (i.e., pronunciation) of literary texts featured in the books in question." The present perfect indicates that the listening exercises have been conducted recently and have a connection to the present.
4) There seems to be a typographical error in this sentence. Assuming that the error is the repetition of the word "be," the corrected sentence would be: "Excerpts from films based on the mentioned literary works have also been shown." Here, the present perfect is used correctly to convey that the showing of film excerpts has recently taken place and has a connection to the present.
In conclusion, whether to use the present perfect or the simple past in these sentences depends on the intended meaning and the relationship between the actions described and the present moment.