Please explain what the three reconstruction plans have in common and how they are different?
Thank you
http://www.jiskha.com/display.cgi?id=1235154004
http://prezi.com/f-l7y4nr-yd9/diagram-lincoln-johnson-and-the-radical-republicans-reconstruction-plans/
The three reconstruction plans, also known as the Lincoln Plan, Johnson Plan, and the Radical Republican Plan, all sought to address the aftermath of the American Civil War and the reintegration of the Southern states into the Union. While these plans had some similarities, they also had significant differences.
1. Lincoln Plan:
- Proposed by President Abraham Lincoln before his assassination in 1865.
- Emphasized a lenient approach towards the South and advocated for a relatively quick and smooth reintegration process.
- Called for a 10% loyalty oath from Southern states to establish new state governments and ratify the 13th Amendment, which abolished slavery.
- Offered amnesty to most Confederates, excluding high-ranking officials and military leaders.
- Focused on reuniting the Union as swiftly as possible.
2. Johnson Plan:
- Implemented by President Andrew Johnson, who succeeded Lincoln after his assassination.
- Similar to the Lincoln Plan, the Johnson Plan favored a moderate and lenient approach towards the South.
- Required Southern states to void their secession, ratify the 13th Amendment, and repudiate Confederate war debts.
- Offered pardons to wealthy Southern landowners and political leaders.
- Aimed to restore political control to Southern white Democrats and allowed them to enact their own laws on civil rights for freed slaves.
- Failed to address the economic and social issues affecting freed slaves.
3. Radical Republican Plan:
- Advocated by the Radical Republicans in Congress, who believed the South should face more significant consequences for their actions.
- Promoted a more radical and punitive approach towards the South.
- Argued for comprehensive civil rights for freed slaves, including voting rights and equal protection under the law.
- Demanded stronger federal control over reconstructing the South and actively opposed the restoration of former Confederate leaders.
- Proposed the enactment of the 14th and 15th Amendments to secure civil rights and voting rights for African Americans.
- Initiated the period of Congressional Reconstruction, where Congress was heavily involved in overseeing the reintegration process.
In summary, the three plans had the objective of bringing the Southern states back into the Union after the Civil War but differed in their approaches. The Lincoln and Johnson plans had a more lenient and conciliatory stance, while the Radical Republican plan sought to impose stricter requirements and secure civil rights for freed slaves. Ultimately, it was the Radical Republican plan that had a more lasting impact on shaping the post-war South.
The three reconstruction plans commonly referred to are the Lincoln Plan, the Johnson Plan, and the Congressional (or Radical) Plan. While they all shared the goal of restoring the southern states to the Union after the Civil War, they differed in their approach and priorities.
First, the Lincoln Plan, proposed by President Abraham Lincoln, aimed at a lenient and quick restoration process. It granted amnesty to most Confederate officials and allowed for the formation of new state governments once 10% of the voting population pledged loyalty to the Union. This plan had a moderate view and focused on reconciliation.
Second, the Johnson Plan, promoted by President Andrew Johnson after Lincoln's assassination, shared some similarities with the Lincoln Plan. It too granted amnesty to former Confederates and allowed for the speedy restoration of states. However, it excluded Confederate officials and wealthy landowners from amnesty and required them to request individual pardons from the President. Johnson's plan was slightly more restrictive than Lincoln's and aimed at punishing those it considered responsible for the Civil War.
Finally, the Congressional Plan, proposed by the Radical Republicans in Congress, took a more aggressive approach. It sought to ensure civil rights for newly freed African Americans and punish the South more severely for secession. This plan called for the denial of voting rights to former Confederate officials and the redistribution of land to freed slaves. It demanded that Southern states ratify the Fourteenth Amendment, guaranteeing equal protection under the law, as a condition for reentry into the Union.
In summary, the common objective of all three plans was to reintegrate the southern states back into the Union after the Civil War. However, they differed in their levels of leniency, requirements for amnesty, and emphasis on civil rights and punishment. The Lincoln Plan was the most lenient, the Johnson Plan slightly more restrictive, and the Congressional Plan the most radical in its approach.