Provide equations for each of the following:

a. Dissociation of a strong base in water solution
b. Ionization of a strong acid in water solution:
c. Ionization of a weak acid in water solution:
d. Ionization of a weak base in water solution:
e. Autoionization of water:

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a. Dissociation of a strong base in water solution:

A strong base fully dissociates into its constituent ions in water. The general equation for the dissociation of a strong base, represented by the generic formula MOH, can be written as:

MOH (s) -> M+ (aq) + OH- (aq)

For example, the dissociation of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) would be:

NaOH (s) -> Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq)

b. Ionization of a strong acid in water solution:
A strong acid fully ionizes into its constituent ions in water. The general equation for the ionization of a strong acid, represented by the generic formula HA, can be written as:

HA (aq) -> H+ (aq) + A- (aq)

For example, the ionization of hydrochloric acid (HCl) would be:

HCl (aq) -> H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)

c. Ionization of a weak acid in water solution:
A weak acid only partially ionizes in water. The general equation for the ionization of a weak acid, represented by the generic formula HA, can be written as:

HA (aq) ⇌ H+ (aq) + A- (aq)

The double arrows indicate that the reaction can proceed in both directions. The extent of ionization depends on the equilibrium constant for the reaction.

For example, the ionization of acetic acid (CH3COOH) would be:

CH3COOH (aq) ⇌ H+ (aq) + CH3COO- (aq)

d. Ionization of a weak base in water solution:
A weak base also only partially ionizes in water. The general equation for the ionization of a weak base, represented by the generic formula BOH, can be written as:

BOH (aq) ⇌ B+ (aq) + OH- (aq)

Similarly to weak acids, the double arrows indicate an equilibrium, and the extent of ionization depends on the equilibrium constant for the reaction.

For example, the ionization of ammonia (NH3) would be:

NH3 (aq) ⇌ NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq)

e. Autoionization of water:
Water molecules can naturally undergo autoionization, where a small fraction of water molecules act as both acid and base, generating hydronium ions (H3O+) and hydroxide ions (OH-). The equation for the autoionization of water is:

2H2O (l) ⇌ H3O+ (aq) + OH- (aq)

In this reaction, two water molecules combine to form a hydronium ion and a hydroxide ion. The equilibrium constant expression for the autoionization of water, known as the ion product of water (Kw), can be written as:

Kw = [H3O+][OH-]