The ruler now make contact with the neutral sphere.what happens to electrons?

When a ruler makes contact with a neutral sphere, there can be a transfer of electrons between the ruler and the sphere. This transfer occurs due to the redistribution of charges, resulting in a temporary separation of charges, known as charge polarization.

Here's a step-by-step explanation of what happens to the electrons:

1. Initially, both the ruler and the neutral sphere have an equal number of electrons. The ruler has a balanced charge distribution, so it is electrically neutral as well.

2. When the ruler comes into contact with the neutral sphere, the electrons redistribute themselves according to the principles of electrostatics.

3. If the ruler is made of a material that is capable of conducting electricity, such as metal, then it will have free electrons that can move easily within the ruler. Some of these free electrons from the ruler will be attracted to the neutral sphere due to the electrostatic forces between opposite charges.

4. As electrons move from the ruler to the sphere, the ruler loses electrons and becomes positively charged. This is because the positive charge in the ruler's atomic nuclei is no longer balanced by an equal number of negative electrons.

5. Simultaneously, the neutral sphere gains electrons from the ruler, acquiring a negative charge. The negative charge on the sphere is due to the excess of electrons that have been transferred to it.

Overall, after the ruler makes contact with the neutral sphere, the ruler becomes positively charged, and the neutral sphere becomes negatively charged. This charge transfer occurs until equilibrium is reached, meaning that there is no further movement of electrons between the ruler and the sphere.