ystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, which encodes for a chloride channel. You are studying cystic fibrosis patients to determine what mutation they possess in the CFTR gene. The difference between the mutant and wild type CFTR can be uncovered by examining the CFTR:
A)DNA
B)mRNA
C)Protien
DNA
To determine the mutation in the CFTR gene that is causing cystic fibrosis in patients, you need to examine the CFTR at the molecular level. The differences between the mutant and wild type CFTR can be uncovered by examining:
A) DNA: The CFTR gene is a specific sequence of DNA that codes for the CFTR protein. Mutations in the CFTR gene can lead to alterations in the DNA sequence, which can affect the structure and function of the CFTR protein. Therefore, by examining the DNA sequence of the CFTR gene, you can identify these mutations and determine the specific genetic alteration responsible for cystic fibrosis. This can be done through DNA sequencing techniques, such as Sanger sequencing or Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS).
B) mRNA: After the CFTR gene is transcribed into RNA molecules, specific sections called exons are spliced together to form messenger RNA (mRNA). Mutations in the CFTR gene can affect how the mRNA is processed, leading to abnormal splicing or alternative splicing. By analyzing the mRNA produced from the CFTR gene, using techniques like reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), you can detect variations in splice patterns or the presence of certain mutations that may disrupt the normal function of the CFTR protein.
C) Protein: The CFTR protein is the final product translated from the mRNA. Mutations in the CFTR gene can impact the structure, stability, and function of the CFTR protein. To study the CFTR protein, you can examine its expression, localization, and functional activity. Techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and functional assays like chloride channel activity measurements can help evaluate the differences between mutant and wild-type CFTR proteins.
In conclusion, to determine the mutation present in the CFTR gene causing cystic fibrosis, you would need to examine all of the above: DNA, mRNA, and protein. By comparing the differences between the mutant and wild-type forms of the CFTR gene at different levels, you can gain insights into the functional consequences of the mutation and how it contributes to the development of cystic fibrosis.