If the CO2 is not removed by boiling after the addition of HCL, how will this affect the amount of NaoH required to reach the bromophenol endpoint. Explain.

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In the given scenario, if CO2 is not removed by boiling after the addition of HCl, it will have an impact on the amount of NaOH required to reach the bromophenol endpoint in an acid-base titration.

To understand this, let's break down the process step by step:

1. In an acid-base titration, a known concentration of a solution (NaOH in this case) is used to neutralize an unknown concentration of acid (in this case, the HCl solution).

2. In the beginning, the HCl solution contains dissolved CO2 (carbon dioxide). When CO2 reacts with water, it forms carbonic acid (H2CO3). The equation for this reaction is: CO2 + H2O → H2CO3.

3. When NaOH is added to the acid solution, it reacts with the carbonic acid (H2CO3) to form sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). The equation for this reaction is: H2CO3 + 2NaOH → Na2CO3 + 2H2O.

4. The reaction between NaOH and HCl aims to reach the bromophenol endpoint, which is a pH indicator that changes color when the solution reaches a specific pH (usually around pH 4-5). At this point, all the acid has been neutralized, and any additional NaOH added will cause the solution to become alkaline.

Now, let's see how the presence of CO2 affects the amount of NaOH required:

- If CO2 is not removed by boiling after the addition of HCl, it will remain in the solution as carbonic acid (H2CO3).

- Since carbonic acid is an acid, it will react with NaOH during titration. This means that some of the NaOH will be consumed in neutralizing the carbonic acid instead of reacting with the HCl.

- As a result, the amount of NaOH required to reach the bromophenol endpoint will be higher than expected because the solution contains additional acid due to carbonic acid (H2CO3).

Therefore, if CO2 is not removed, the presence of carbonic acid will lead to an overestimation of the amount of NaOH required to reach the bromophenol endpoint in the titration. To accurately determine the endpoint, it is necessary to remove the CO2 by boiling the solution before beginning the titration.