Physical properties used to indicate temperature changes include all of the following except
a. color changes of liquid crystals
b. volume changes of fluids and solids
c. changes in electrical resistance
d. odor changes in solids
The physical properties used to indicate temperature changes include color changes of liquid crystals, volume changes of fluids and solids, and changes in electrical resistance. Odor changes in solids are not typically used to indicate temperature changes. Therefore, the correct answer is d. odor changes in solids.
To determine the correct answer, we need to understand the physical properties that can be used as indicators of temperature changes.
a. Color changes of liquid crystals: Liquid crystals are materials that exhibit changes in color as temperature changes. Therefore, color changes of liquid crystals can be used as an indicator of temperature changes.
b. Volume changes of fluids and solids: Most substances undergo volume changes with temperature variations. As temperature increases, most materials expand, and as temperature decreases, most materials contract. Therefore, volume changes of fluids and solids can be used to indicate temperature changes.
c. Changes in electrical resistance: Electrical resistance refers to the hindrance of electric current flow in a material. Some materials, like metals, show an increase in electrical resistance with increasing temperature. Therefore, changes in electrical resistance can be used to indicate temperature changes.
d. Odor changes in solids: Odor changes in solids are not a direct physical property associated with temperature changes. The smell of a solid may change due to other factors, such as chemical reactions or decomposition, but it is not a reliable indicator of temperature changes.
Based on the explanations provided, the correct answer is: d. odor changes in solids.