1. Though both emphasize consequences, utilitarianism differs from ethical egoism in that:

A. utilitarianism emphasizes consequences for all people affected.

B. egoism emphasizes happiness, whereas utilitarianism emphasizes welfare.

C. egoism defines happiness as pleasure, whereas utilitarianism does not.

D. utilitarianism places primary importance on consequences for the acting agent.

is it D

2. In contrast to Bentham, John Stuart Mill argued that happiness or pleasure should be understood:
A. quantitatively.

B. qualitatively.

C. as the same for all people.

D. as the absence of pain only.

is it B

Just took this test. Question #1 is NOT D... I got that wrong on test, but it does not give me the right answer. Your answer to Question #2 is right.

To determine the correct answers to these questions, we need to understand the concepts of utilitarianism and ethical egoism, as well as the perspectives of Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill.

1. The correct answer is A. Utilitarianism emphasizes consequences for all people affected. Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that states actions should be evaluated based on the overall happiness or well-being it produces for the greatest number of people. In contrast, ethical egoism focuses on the self-interest and welfare of the individual. While both emphasize consequences, utilitarianism takes into account the consequences for all people affected, whereas ethical egoism primarily considers the consequences for the acting agent.

2. The correct answer is B. John Stuart Mill argued that happiness or pleasure should be understood qualitatively. Mill distinguished between higher and lower pleasures. He believed that some pleasures, such as intellectual or moral pleasures, are of a higher quality and should be given more importance than mere physical or sensory pleasures. This perspective differs from Bentham's quantitative approach, which emphasized the total amount of pleasure or happiness as the ultimate measurement. Mill's qualitative understanding of pleasure acknowledges that different pleasures have varying degrees of significance and should be evaluated accordingly.

To determine the correct answers, you should have prior knowledge of utilitarianism, ethical egoism, and the perspectives of Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill.