Conduct an ANOVA comparing participants recall will vary as a function of stress
levels. Conduct an ANOVA comparing participants recall at Time 1 across all
three stress level conditions (low, medium,and high). Conduct post hoc tests if needed, using the Tukey method.
To conduct an ANOVA comparing participants' recall across stress levels, you can follow these steps:
1. Define the stress level conditions: Start by categorizing the participants into three groups based on stress levels: low, medium, and high.
2. Collect the data: Gather recall data for each participant at Time 1 in all three stress level conditions. Make sure the data is properly recorded and organized.
3. Check assumptions: Before conducting the ANOVA, it is essential to ensure that the assumptions are met. The assumptions include normality of the data, homogeneity of variance, and independence of observations. You can check these assumptions using graphical methods or statistical tests.
4. Set up the hypothesis: Formulate the null hypothesis (H0) and alternative hypothesis (Ha) for the ANOVA. The null hypothesis states that there is no difference in recall scores across the stress level conditions, while the alternative hypothesis suggests that there is a significant difference.
5. Perform the ANOVA: Use statistical software, such as SPSS or Excel, to conduct the ANOVA. Input the recall scores as the dependent variable and stress levels as the independent variable. The software will provide you with an ANOVA table, including information about the F-statistic, degrees of freedom, and p-value.
6. Interpret the ANOVA results: Analyze the ANOVA table to determine if there is a significant difference in recall scores across the stress levels. Focus on the p-value associated with the stress level condition. If the p-value is below the predetermined threshold (usually 0.05), you can reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a significant difference in recall scores.
7. Conduct post hoc tests: If the ANOVA results are significant, you can proceed with post hoc tests to determine which stress level conditions significantly differ from each other. Use the Tukey method, which compares all possible pairs of stress level conditions and controls for Type I error rate inflation. Post hoc tests will provide you with additional information regarding which stress level conditions have significantly different recall scores.
8. Interpret post hoc test results: Analyze the post hoc test results to identify the stress level condition pairs that have significant differences. Pay attention to the p-values or confidence intervals associated with each pairwise comparison. If the p-value is below the predetermined significance level, you can conclude that there is a significant difference between those specific stress level conditions.
By following these steps, you can conduct an ANOVA comparing participants' recall across stress levels and conduct post hoc tests using the Tukey method, if necessary.