(s^2/c^2+1)(c^2-1) = s^2 -s^2/c^2 +c^2 -1 but s^2 + c^2 = 1 so we have -s^2/c^2 = -(1 - c^2)/c^2 = - 1/c^2 + 1 = 1 - sec^2
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