The motives studied by Henry Murray and his colleagues are called higher order motives because:
Answer
a.
They reflect motivations for a higher level of functioning.
b.
They are at a higher level of consciousness than other motives.
c.
They do not reflect specific physiological changes.
d.
They are motives only experienced by human beings.
e.
C and D.
To determine the correct answer, let's break down the options provided:
a. They reflect motivations for a higher level of functioning.
b. They are at a higher level of consciousness than other motives.
c. They do not reflect specific physiological changes.
d. They are motives only experienced by human beings.
e. C and D.
The motives studied by Henry Murray and his colleagues are referred to as "higher order motives" because they reflect motivations for a higher level of functioning.
Option a supports this idea. It suggests that these motives are related to higher levels of functioning, which aligns with the concept of "higher order motives."
Option b suggests that they are at a higher level of consciousness than other motives. While this may be true for some motives, it is not necessarily a defining characteristic of higher order motives. So, this option is not the best choice.
Option c states that higher order motives do not reflect specific physiological changes. This is not entirely accurate. While physiological changes may not be the primary focus of higher order motives, they can still influence them. Thus, this option is not entirely correct either.
Option d claims that higher order motives are motives exclusively experienced by human beings. This is incorrect because animals can also experience higher order motives, such as social belonging or self-esteem.
Option e combines options c and d, suggesting that higher order motives do not reflect specific physiological changes and are exclusive to humans. We have already established that both of these statements are not entirely accurate. Therefore, option e is also not the correct choice.
In conclusion, the correct answer is option a: They reflect motivations for a higher level of functioning.