What was the technology, agriculture, trade, religion/belief systems, gender roles, migrations, and population changes of the era of 600-1450 in the Middle East?
What about in the 1450-1750? 1750-1914? 1914-present?
Good heavens! The answers to your questions could fill an entire book.
The easy part is that Islam spread throughout the Middle East from the mid-600s. From 1947 on -- a small area, Israel, became a Jewish nation.
To answer your other questions, I suggest you visit your library for books on Middle Eastern history.