how does the social contract theory argue that the state was formed?
http://www.google.com/search?q=social+contract+theory&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a
Especially this: http://www.politicalphilosophy.info/socialcontracttheory.html
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The origins of the state are to be thought of as a two way street of expectations between the governor and the governed. In this reciprocal relationship, the rulers are obligated to do their job for the subjects, and the subjects also have a role to fulfill under their rulers. The U.S. Declaration of Independence relies heavily on this concept, for example.
The social contract theory argues that the state was formed through a hypothetical contract or agreement between individuals. According to this theory, people voluntarily agree to give up certain rights and freedoms in exchange for the protection and benefits provided by the state. This concept can be traced back to influential thinkers such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
To understand how the social contract theory argues that the state was formed, we can explore the main ideas put forth by these philosophers:
1. Thomas Hobbes: Hobbes believed that in a state of nature, where there is no centralized authority, life would be chaotic and violent. To escape this state of constant fear and conflict, individuals would enter into a social contract, surrendering their freedom to a governing authority or the sovereign. In return, the sovereign would provide security and stability, thereby ensuring the well-being of the people.
2. John Locke: Locke's perspective on the social contract theory emphasized the protection of individual rights, including life, liberty, and property. According to Locke, people formed a social contract by consent to establish a limited government that would uphold and protect these rights. If the government fails to fulfill its duty, individuals have the right to resist and even overthrow it.
3. Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Rousseau's interpretation of the social contract theory focuses on the general will of the people. He believed that individuals exist in a natural state of freedom and equality. Through the social contract, people come together to form a collective body politic, establishing a government that acts in accordance with the general will of society. Rousseau emphasized that this government should protect the common good rather than the interests of any particular group or individual.
In summary, the social contract theory argues that the state was formed when individuals voluntarily agreed to submit to the authority of a governing body in exchange for security, protection of rights, and the common good.