1. _______ magma causes powerful and explosive volcanic eruptions.

A. Andesitic
B. Rhyolitic
C. Basaltic
D. Composite
B?

2. A common characteristic of mountains formed by two colliding continents is marine _______ rock.
A. sedimentary
B. metamorphic
C. limestone
D. igneous
A?

3. Which earthquake scale takes into consideration the damage caused by an earthquake?
A. Amplitude scale
B. Richter scale
C. Moment magnitude scale
D. Modified Mercalli scale
D?

4. Any fracture or system of fractures along which Earth moves is known as a
A. deformation.
B. fault.
C. stress.
D. strain.
A?

A

B
A
C
A

1. To answer the question, we need to understand the different types of magma and their volcanic eruptions.

- Andesitic magma: This type of magma typically results in moderately explosive eruptions due to its composition, which is intermediate between basaltic and rhyolitic magma.
- Rhyolitic magma: Rhyolitic magma is highly viscous and tends to produce powerful and explosive volcanic eruptions.
- Basaltic magma: Basaltic magma is low in viscosity and generally leads to relatively gentle, non-explosive volcanic eruptions.
- Composite magma: This term is not specific to a type of magma but refers to a volcano formed by alternating layers of lava flows and pyroclastic deposits, typically associated with explosive eruptions.

Based on this information, the correct answer to the first question is B. Rhyolitic magma causes powerful and explosive volcanic eruptions.

2. To determine the characteristic of mountains formed by two colliding continents, we need to understand the types of rock involved.

- Sedimentary rock: It is formed by the accumulation and compression of sediments, typically in marine or terrestrial environments.
- Metamorphic rock: It is formed when pre-existing rocks undergo changes in temperature, pressure, or chemical composition.
- Limestone: Limestone is a type of sedimentary rock primarily composed of calcium carbonate.
- Igneous rock: It is formed from the cooling and solidification of molten materials (magma or lava).

Based on this information, the correct answer to the second question is A. sedimentary rock is a common characteristic of mountains formed by two colliding continents.

3. To determine the earthquake scale that takes into consideration the damage caused by an earthquake, we need to understand the different scales used to measure earthquakes.

- Amplitude scale: It measures the amplitude or size of seismic waves but does not account for the damage caused.
- Richter scale: The Richter scale measures the amplitude of seismic waves and is specifically used to quantify the energy released during an earthquake.
- Moment magnitude scale: The moment magnitude scale measures the total energy released during an earthquake, incorporating both the amplitude of seismic waves and the area of the fault that slipped.
- Modified Mercalli scale: The Modified Mercalli scale evaluates the intensity and effects of an earthquake based on the observed damage and human perception.

Based on this information, the correct answer to the third question is D. Modified Mercalli scale takes into consideration the damage caused by an earthquake.

4. To define the term for the fracture or system of fractures along which Earth moves, we need to understand the related concepts.

- Deformation: It refers to the changes in shape, size, or position of rocks due to stresses.
- Fault: A fault is a fracture or surface along which rocks have moved.
- Stress: Stress is a force applied to a rock that tends to deform it.
- Strain: Strain refers to the change in shape or size of a rock in response to stress.

Based on this information, the correct answer to the fourth question is B. fault is the term used for any fracture or system of fractures along which Earth moves.