The Nova laser at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California is used in studies of initiating

controlled nuclear fusion (Section 45.4). It can deliver a power of 1.60 × 1013 W over a time interval of 2.50
ns. Compare its energy output in one such time interval to the energy required to make a pot of tea by
warming 0.800 kg of water from 20.0°C to 100°C.

Well, let's calculate that! To find the energy output of the Nova laser, we can use the formula:

Energy = Power × Time

So in this case, the energy output of the Nova laser would be:

Energy = 1.60 × 10^13 W × 2.50 × 10^-9 s

Now, let's calculate the energy required to warm the water. We can use the formula:

Energy = Mass × Specific Heat Capacity × Change in Temperature

The specific heat capacity of water is approximately 4190 J/kg°C. The change in temperature is:

Change in Temperature = (100°C - 20.0°C)

Now we can calculate the energy required:

Energy = 0.800 kg × 4190 J/kg°C × (100°C - 20.0°C)

So, after using my trusty calculator, I found that the energy output of the Nova laser in one time interval is approximately 4.00 × 10^4 J. On the other hand, the energy required to make a pot of tea by warming 0.800 kg of water from 20.0°C to 100°C is approximately 2.18 × 10^5 J.

So, the energy required to make a pot of tea is far greater than the energy output of the Nova laser. Looks like the laser has some energizing to do if it wants to brew that tea!

To compare the energy output of the Nova laser to the energy required to make a pot of tea, we need to calculate the energy output of the laser and the energy required to warm the water.

1. Energy output of the Nova laser:
The power delivered by the laser is given as 1.60 x 10^13 W, and the time interval is 2.50 ns. We can calculate the energy output using the formula:

Energy = Power x Time

Energy = (1.60 x 10^13 W) x (2.50 x 10^-9 s)
Energy = 4.00 x 10^4 J

Therefore, the energy output of the Nova laser in one time interval is 4.00 x 10^4 J.

2. Energy required to warm the water:
The energy required to warm a substance can be calculated using the formula:

Energy = mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change

Given:
Mass of water (m) = 0.800 kg
Specific heat capacity of water (c) = 4.18 J/g°C (or 4180 J/kg°C)
Temperature change (ΔT) = 100°C - 20°C = 80°C

Energy = (0.800 kg) x (4180 J/kg°C) x (80°C)
Energy = 2.68 x 10^5 J

Therefore, the energy required to warm 0.800 kg of water from 20.0°C to 100°C is 2.68 x 10^5 J.

Comparing the two energies:
Energy output of the Nova laser = 4.00 x 10^4 J
Energy required to warm the water = 2.68 x 10^5 J

The energy required to warm the water is significantly higher than the energy output of the Nova laser.

To compare the energy output of the Nova laser to the energy required to make a pot of tea, we need to calculate the energy output of the laser and the energy required to warm the water.

First, let's calculate the energy output of the Nova laser.

Given:
Power of the laser, P = 1.60 × 10^13 W
Time interval, t = 2.50 ns

The energy output (E) of the laser can be calculated using the formula:

E = P * t

Substituting the given values:

E = (1.60 × 10^13 W) * (2.50 × 10^-9 s)

Now, let's calculate the energy required to warm the water.

Given:
Mass of water, m = 0.800 kg
Initial temperature, T1 = 20.0°C
Final temperature, T2 = 100°C
Specific heat capacity of water, c = 4.18 J/g°C (this value is for water in grams, so we need to convert the mass to grams)

The energy required to warm the water can be calculated using the formula:

E = m * c * ΔT

where ΔT is the change in temperature, which can be calculated as T2 - T1.

Converting the mass to grams:
0.800 kg = 800 g

Substituting the given values:

ΔT = T2 - T1 = 100°C - 20.0°C = 80.0°C

E = (800 g) * (4.18 J/g°C) * (80.0°C)

Now, you can calculate the energy output of the laser and the energy required to make a pot of tea using the given information.

E_laser = (1.60 × 10^13 W) * (2.50 × 10^-9 s)

E_tea = (800 g) * (4.18 J/g°C) * (80.0°C)

With these calculations, you can compare the energy output of the Nova laser to the energy required to make a pot of tea.