Given a group of students: or count the different ways of choosing the following officers or representatives for student congress. Assume that no one can hold more than one office.

A male president and three representatives

a. 72 b. 9 c. 6 d. 3

To find the number of ways to choose the officers or representatives for the student congress, we can use the concept of permutations.

Step 1: Choose the male president
There are n ways to choose the male president from the group of students, where n is the total number of male students. Since the number of male students is not specified in the question, we cannot determine the exact value of n.

Step 2: Choose the three representatives
Once the male president is chosen, we need to choose three representatives from the remaining group of students. The number of ways to select the representatives can be calculated using the formula for combinations.

Since the order in which the representatives are chosen does not matter, we use the combination formula:
C(n, r) = n! / (r! * (n - r)!)

Where n is the total number of remaining students after choosing the male president (excluding the president), and r is the number of representatives to be chosen (3 in this case).

Step 3: Multiply the number of ways for each step
To get the total number of ways to choose the officers or representatives, we multiply the number of ways for each step.

Therefore, the number of different ways to choose a male president and three representatives cannot be determined without knowing the specific number of male students present. Hence, the answer to the question is "cannot be determined".