How did glasnost contribute to the break-up of the soviet Union?

A. restructuring the economy led to a change in the political structure***
B. by allowing citizens more freedom to travel people could see what they were missing
C. due to cuts in military spending people were not afraid the army would stop their demonstrations.
D. by allowing citizens to speak openly people could express their frustrations.

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The correct answer is D. By allowing citizens to speak openly, people could express their frustrations. Glasnost, meaning "openness," was a policy initiated by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev in the 1980s. It aimed to increase transparency and enable open discussion of political and social issues in the Soviet Union. This policy created an atmosphere where people felt more comfortable expressing their grievances and frustrations with the Soviet government, leading to increased pressure for reforms and greater autonomy for regions within the Soviet Union. The opening up of public discourse under glasnost played a significant role in contributing to the break-up of the Soviet Union.

The correct answer is D. By allowing citizens to speak openly, glasnost contributed to the break-up of the Soviet Union. Glasnost, which means "openness" in Russian, was a policy implemented by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev in the mid-1980s. It aimed at fostering transparency, freedom of speech, and greater public participation in Soviet society. This policy allowed citizens to openly express their frustrations and discontentment with the government, which led to the emergence of various political movements and demands for greater political liberalization.

To arrive at this answer, you can assess the options given and understand how they relate to the concept of glasnost and its impact on the Soviet Union's break-up:

A. Restructuring the economy led to a change in the political structure.
This option relates more to Gorbachev's other reform policy, perestroika, which focused on economic restructuring. While perestroika did play a role in the Soviet Union's dissolution, it was not the main factor impacted by glasnost.

B. By allowing citizens more freedom to travel, people could see what they were missing.
This option highlights a consequence of glasnost, namely greater freedom of movement. Although this increased mobility allowed citizens to witness conditions outside the Soviet Union, it did not directly contribute to the break-up of the country.

C. Due to cuts in military spending, people were not afraid the army would stop their demonstrations.
This option touches on one aspect of economic policy under Gorbachev, namely reductions in military spending. While cuts in military spending did have repercussions, they were not primarily linked to glasnost's influence on the Soviet Union's break-up.

D. By allowing citizens to speak openly, people could express their frustrations.
This option accurately reflects the main impact of glasnost on the Soviet Union. By allowing citizens to openly express their frustrations and criticisms of the government, glasnost created an environment that facilitated the emergence of political movements and demands for change, ultimately contributing to the break-up of the Soviet Union.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

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