1. Which of the following government actions have the greatest impact on promoting racial equality and housing?

A. The passage of the title IX amendment to the civil rights act of 1964
B. The passage of the civil rights act of 1968
C. The Supreme Court ruling in Plessy versus Ferguson
D. The ratification of the 15th amendment

2. Affirmative action is a policy designed to do which of the following ? (I need to select two answers)
A. Distribute reparations to victims of discrimination
B. Increase diversity in education and employment
C. Counteract the effects of past discrimination
D. Punish those who discriminate

3. Which of the following statements best explains why affirmative action is so controversial?
A. Affirmative action is designed to limit economic and social mobility of minorities
B. Affirmative action may result in discrimination now to make up for past discrimination
C. Affirmative action requires race and gender to be the sole deciding factors
D. Affirmative action increases taxes for the majority population

4. Even after the passage of the 14th amendment guarantee equal protection, Sojourner Truth's words remains relevant because of which of the following ?
A. The women's movements were found to be ineffective economic tools
B. The Supreme Court refused to hear equal protection cases that pertain to women
C. All women were welcome and treated equally in the political system
D. African-American women continued to suffer discrimination based on gender and race

5. Which of the following is evidence of assimilation policies endured by Native Americans?
A. European diseases brought by colonists killed a large percentage of native Americans
B. Infant mortality rates of Native American children are higher on reservations
C. The National Museum of the American Indian join the Smithsonian system
D. Federal boarding schools were created to Americanize Native American children

6. Which of the following statements summarizes the history of discrimination against Asian Americans ?
A. Asian Americans have been victims of discriminatory legislation and executive action
B. Asian Americans have assimilated into American society easily because of the education system
C. Asian American immigrants are culturally diverse and unable to assimilate into American society
D. Asian Americans are often denied tourist visas because of the economic concerns of the United States

7. (Essay question) The equal protection clause of the 14th amendment prohibits states from denying any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. How does the language of the equal protection clause show intention to safeguard all groups civil liberties?

My Answers:
1). B
2). B, C
3). B
4). A
5). D
6). A
7). Every equal protection clause issue can be broken down into three questions: What classification does a government action create? What level of scrutiny should be applied to this classification? Does this particular government action meet that level of scrutiny? The equal protection clause analysis becomes more complicated when an individual is discriminated against because of his unique positions. Additional challenges arise when laws favor a group of people, rather than discriminating against a group of people. The following sections will present a brief summary of these issues. This language used aids in showing intention to safeguard all groups.