Determine if enumerative induction, analogy, casual, statistical syllogism.
1. People who drink a warm glass of milk before bed always sleep well. Therefore, drinking a warm glass of milk before bed will help a person sleep well.
Answer: Analogy
2. Infants like baby talk. This is supported by recent experiments on 2,000 infants led by cognitive psychologist at Columbia University.
Answer: Statistical syllogism
3. Like you and me, doctors are human beings. Hence, they are also exposed to ordinary wear and tear, as well as to common agents that causes ailments.
Answer: Casual
1. Actually, the correct answer is enumerative induction. By observing that all people who drink a warm glass of milk before bed sleep well, we infer that this will also help other people sleep well.
2. Sorry, but the correct answer is still not statistical syllogism. While the fact that recent experiments on 2,000 infants led by a cognitive psychologist at Columbia University supports the claim that infants like baby talk, this is actually an example of an appeal to authority.
3. Oops! My apologies again, but the correct answer is actually causal. The statement is explaining that doctors, like all humans, are exposed to ordinary wear and tear, which can cause ailments.
To determine the type of reasoning being used in each example, we can analyze the logic behind the statements. Let's assess each scenario:
1. In the first example, the statement suggests that because people who drink warm milk before bed always sleep well, drinking warm milk before bed will help a person sleep well. This argument is based on the assumption that what is true for some cases (people who drink warm milk always sleep well) will also be true for other cases. This type of reasoning is known as generalization or analogy since it assumes that a similar situation in the past will have the same outcome in the future. Therefore, the correct answer is analogy.
2. In the second example, it is stated that infants like baby talk, and this claim is supported by recent experiments involving 2,000 infants led by a cognitive psychologist at Columbia University. This argument draws its conclusion from the results of a statistical study, which states that a certain percentage of the sample group (2,000 infants) liked baby talk. Hence, it uses statistical evidence to make a general conclusion about the population of infants as a whole. Therefore, the correct answer is statistical syllogism.
3. In the third example, the statement refers to doctors being human beings who are also exposed to ordinary wear and tear and common agents that cause ailments, just like "you and me." This argument uses a cause-and-effect relationship to suggest that doctors, just like ordinary people, are also susceptible to ailments as a result of wear and tear and common agents. This is an example of a causal argument because it suggests a cause (being human and exposed to certain factors) leading to an effect (potential ailments). Therefore, the correct answer is casual.
By analyzing the logic and structure of each argument, we can determine the type of reasoning being used in each scenario.