Lists how many valence electrons are shared, gained, or lost by each atom of the 6 compounds?
N2
CCl4
SiO2
AlCl3
CaCl2
LiBr
Nitrogen is bonded with another nitrogen atom via a triple bond. Therefore it shares 3 electrons.
Carbon forms 4 covalent bonds and it is attached with one Cl atom via a single bond. Therefore 4 electrons are shared in this compound.
Si also shares 4 electrons in the given compound as the arrangement in this molecule is tetrahedral.
Al donates 3 electrons and Each Cl atom gain one electron to form AlCl3.
Ca donates 2 electrons and 2Cl atoms gain 2 electrons to form CaCl2.
In LiBr, Li donates one electron and Br accepts one electron.
To determine the number of valence electrons shared, gained, or lost by each atom in the compounds listed, we need to know the valence electron configuration of each element.
The number of valence electrons for each element is as follows:
- Nitrogen (N): 5 valence electrons
- Carbon (C): 4 valence electrons
- Chlorine (Cl): 7 valence electrons
- Silicon (Si): 4 valence electrons
- Oxygen (O): 6 valence electrons
- Aluminum (Al): 3 valence electrons
- Calcium (Ca): 2 valence electrons
- Lithium (Li): 1 valence electron
- Bromine (Br): 7 valence electrons
Now, let's analyze each compound in the list:
1. N2:
Both nitrogen atoms in N2 share three electron pairs, which equals six valence electrons shared.
2. CCl4:
One carbon atom in CCl4 shares four electron pairs, which equals eight valence electrons shared. Each chlorine atom gains one electron, resulting in four valence electrons gained in total.
3. SiO2:
One silicon atom in SiO2 shares four electron pairs, which equals eight valence electrons shared. Each oxygen atom gains two electrons, resulting in four valence electrons gained for each oxygen atom and a total of eight valence electrons gained.
4. AlCl3:
One aluminum atom in AlCl3 shares three electron pairs, which equals six valence electrons shared. Each chlorine atom gains one electron, resulting in three valence electrons gained for each chlorine atom and a total of nine valence electrons gained.
5. CaCl2:
One calcium atom in CaCl2 shares two electron pairs, which equals four valence electrons shared. Each chlorine atom gains one electron, resulting in two valence electrons gained for each chlorine atom and a total of four valence electrons gained.
6. LiBr:
One lithium atom in LiBr loses one electron, resulting in one valence electron lost. One bromine atom gains one electron, resulting in one valence electron gained.
To summarize, here are the number of valence electrons shared, gained, or lost by each atom in the compounds:
- N2: Each nitrogen atom shares three valence electrons (6 valence electrons shared).
- CCl4: One carbon atom shares four valence electrons (8 valence electrons shared), while each chlorine atom gains one valence electron (4 valence electrons gained in total).
- SiO2: One silicon atom shares four valence electrons (8 valence electrons shared), while each oxygen atom gains two valence electrons (8 valence electrons gained in total).
- AlCl3: One aluminum atom shares three valence electrons (6 valence electrons shared), while each chlorine atom gains one valence electron (9 valence electrons gained in total).
- CaCl2: One calcium atom shares two valence electrons (4 valence electrons shared), while each chlorine atom gains one valence electron (4 valence electrons gained in total).
- LiBr: One lithium atom loses one valence electron (1 valence electron lost), while one bromine atom gains one valence electron (1 valence electron gained).
To determine the number of valence electrons shared, gained, or lost by each atom in the given compounds, we need to know the number of valence electrons each atom has.
1. N2:
Nitrogen (N) is in Group 5A/Group 15 on the periodic table. It has 5 valence electrons. Since there are two nitrogen atoms in N2, the total number of valence electrons is 2 * 5 = 10.
In N2, each nitrogen atom contributes 3 electrons for a total of 6 shared valence electrons (10 − 4 = 6).
2. CCl4:
Carbon (C) is in Group 4A/Group 14 on the periodic table. It has 4 valence electrons.
Chlorine (Cl) is in Group 7A/Group 17 on the periodic table. It has 7 valence electrons. Since there are four chlorine atoms in CCl4, the total number of valence electrons from chlorine is 4 * 7 = 28.
The total number of valence electrons in CCl4 is 4 (from carbon) + 28 (from chlorine) = 32.
Each atom in CCl4 participates in forming bonds, so all valence electrons are shared.
3. SiO2:
Silicon (Si) is in Group 4A/Group 14 on the periodic table. It has 4 valence electrons.
Oxygen (O) is in Group 6A/Group 16 on the periodic table. It has 6 valence electrons. Since there are two oxygen atoms in SiO2, the total number of valence electrons from oxygen is 2 * 6 = 12.
The total number of valence electrons in SiO2 is 4 (from silicon) + 12 (from oxygen) = 16.
Each atom in SiO2 participates in forming bonds, so all valence electrons are shared.
4. AlCl3:
Aluminum (Al) is in Group 3A/Group 13 on the periodic table. It has 3 valence electrons.
Chlorine (Cl) is in Group 7A/Group 17 on the periodic table. It has 7 valence electrons. Since there are three chlorine atoms in AlCl3, the total number of valence electrons from chlorine is 3 * 7 = 21.
The total number of valence electrons in AlCl3 is 3 (from aluminum) + 21 (from chlorine) = 24.
Aluminum loses 3 electrons, and each chlorine atom gains 1 electron. So, there are 3 lost valence electrons and 3 gained valence electrons.
5. CaCl2:
Calcium (Ca) is in Group 2A/Group 2 on the periodic table. It has 2 valence electrons.
Chlorine (Cl) is in Group 7A/Group 17 on the periodic table. It has 7 valence electrons. Since there are two chlorine atoms in CaCl2, the total number of valence electrons from chlorine is 2 * 7 = 14.
The total number of valence electrons in CaCl2 is 2 (from calcium) + 14 (from chlorine) = 16.
Calcium loses 2 electrons, and each chlorine atom gains 1 electron. So, there are 2 lost valence electrons and 2 gained valence electrons.
6. LiBr:
Lithium (Li) is in Group 1A/Group 1 on the periodic table. It has 1 valence electron.
Bromine (Br) is in Group 7A/Group 17 on the periodic table. It has 7 valence electrons.
The total number of valence electrons in LiBr is 1 (from lithium) + 7 (from bromine) = 8.
Lithium loses 1 electron, and bromine gains 1 electron. So, there is 1 lost valence electron and 1 gained valence electron.