1. I put my many books on the desk.

2. I put many books of mine on the desk.

3. I bought the many books at the book store.

4. I don't have any those books.
5. What those books do you have?
6. What many books do you want?
7. These many books are valuable.
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Are they all ungrammatical sentences? Which ones are grammatical? Where can I get information about these matters?

Corrected:

1. I put many books on the desk.
2. I put many books of mine on the desk.
3. I bought many books at the book store.
4. I don't have any of those books.
5. Which of those books do you have?
6. How many books do you want?
7. These books are valuable.

There may be some explanations here that help you:
http://learnersdictionary.com/qa/When-to-Use-Many-and-Many-of-

Out of the given sentences, sentences 1, 2, 3, and 7 are grammatically correct, while sentences 4, 5, and 6 are ungrammatical. To understand why, let's break it down:

1. I put my many books on the desk.
2. I put many books of mine on the desk.

Both sentences 1 and 2 are grammatically correct. The phrase "my many books" and "many books of mine" indicate possession and quantity, respectively. They follow the correct order of possessive pronoun/pronoun + adjective + noun.

3. I bought the many books at the book store.

This sentence is grammatically correct. "The many books" refers to a specific set of books. The definite article "the" clarifies that you are referring to a specific group of books, possibly the ones previously mentioned.

4. I don't have any those books.

This sentence is ungrammatical. To correct it, you could say, "I don't have any of those books." or "I don't have any books like those."

5. What those books do you have?

This sentence is ungrammatical. To correct it, you could say, "Which books do you have?" or "What books do you have?"

6. What many books do you want?

This sentence is ungrammatical. To correct it, you could say, "How many books do you want?" or "What kind of books do you want?"

7. These many books are valuable.

This sentence is grammatically correct. "These many books" implies a large number of books, and the adjective "valuable" describes their worth.

To learn more about sentence structure and grammar, you can consult various resources such as:

1. Grammar books: There are numerous grammar books available that cover different aspects of sentence structure and usage.
2. Online grammar websites: Websites like Grammarly, Grammar Monster, and Purdue Online Writing Lab offer comprehensive explanations and examples.
3. Language learning platforms: Platforms like Duolingo, Babbel, and Rosetta Stone often include grammar lessons.
4. YouTube channels and tutorial videos: There are many educational YouTube channels dedicated to teaching grammar and providing explanations in an engaging manner.

Remember, regularly practicing and paying attention to language usage will enhance your understanding of grammar over time.