Describe Greek society before, during, and after Alexander the Great.

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Greek society experienced significant changes before, during, and after the reign of Alexander the Great. To understand these changes, we can examine each period separately.

Before Alexander the Great:
Greek society before Alexander was characterized by city-states, such as Athens and Sparta, which were independent and had their own governments, laws, and customs. The city-states were often engaged in wars and alliances, competing for power and influence. Athenian democracy was established during this time, emphasizing a government by the people. Greeks developed philosophy, theater, and art, and their cultural impact extended beyond their borders.

During Alexander the Great:
During Alexander's rule (336 BC to 323 BC), Greece underwent a transformation. Alexander was a skilled military strategist and expanded the Greek empire to span from Greece to Egypt and as far as India. As he conquered new territories, Alexander aimed to spread Greek culture and civilize the conquered regions. This led to the emergence of Hellenistic culture, a fusion of Greek and local traditions. Greek language, literature, and philosophy flourished, and cities were built in Alexander's honor, known as Alexandrias.

After Alexander the Great:
After Alexander's death, his empire was divided among his generals, leading to a fragmented Greek world. The Hellenistic period that followed lasted from around 323 BC to 31 BC. Greek city-states lost their independence and became part of larger kingdoms ruled by descendants of Alexander's generals. This period witnessed the blending of Greek, Persian, and other Eastern cultures. Greek influence continued to spread, and Hellenistic cities became centers of trade, education, and intellectual pursuits. Famous Hellenistic cities include Alexandria in Egypt and Antioch in Syria.

In conclusion, Greek society before Alexander the Great was centered around city-states and their conflicts. During his reign, the Greek empire expanded, and Hellenistic culture arose, blending Greek and Eastern influences. After Alexander's death, the Greek world became fragmented, leading to the Hellenistic period, where Greek influence continued to spread and blend with other cultures.