Who benefited most from the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
A. The provisional government in Russia
B. The United States
C. Germany
D. Italy
My Answer: C. Germany
Yes, C.
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To determine who benefited the most from the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, we need to understand the context and consequences of this treaty. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, between Soviet Russia (led by the newly formed Bolshevik government) and the Central Powers, mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire during World War I.
The primary purpose of this treaty was to secure peace between Russia and the Central Powers, ending Russia's involvement in the war. The terms of the treaty were heavily in favor of the Central Powers, particularly Germany, as they gained significant territorial and economic advantages.
Germany, represented by its foreign minister, Richard von Kühlmann, managed to secure extensive territorial gains from Russia. Germany acquired large portions of western Russia, including territories in present-day Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. These territories were rich in resources like coal, iron, and grain, which greatly benefited Germany's war effort by providing economic resources and reducing its dependence on other countries.
Additionally, the treaty allowed Germany to regain control over major Russian industries and infrastructure resources, such as railways, ensuring significant economic advantages for Germany during the war. This meant that Germany could redirect its military forces from the Eastern Front to the Western Front, where they could continue the war against the Allied powers with reduced pressure from the east.
Considering these factors, it is evident that option C, Germany, benefited the most from the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. The treaty allowed Germany to gain considerable territorial and economic advantages, which helped alleviate some of the pressures it faced during World War I.