Graphic designer has offered client 3 options. Poster 1 16x20 inches. Poster 2 1/2 the side of option 1. Option 3 poster that is 5/4 the size of Option 1.

The photo on Option 1 is 4x5inches what size would that photo be on Option 2 and Option 3?

just multiply 4x5 by 1/2 and 5/4:

2x2.5 and 5x6.25