What is a cation?
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A cation is a positively charged ion. Ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons, resulting in a net electrical charge. Cations specifically have more protons than electrons, giving them a positive charge.
To understand what a cation is, it is helpful to have a basic understanding of atomic structure. Atoms consist of a nucleus composed of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons, surrounded by negatively charged electrons in energy levels or shells.
When an atom loses one or more electrons, the number of protons becomes greater than the number of electrons, resulting in a net positive charge. This positively charged atom is now called a cation.
To determine if an ion is a cation, you need to know the number of protons and electrons. For example, if an atom has 10 protons and 8 electrons, it will have a net charge of +2 and be considered a cation.
In summary, a cation is a positively charged ion formed when an atom loses electrons, resulting in an imbalance of positive charges compared to negative charges.