Describe the bond length and bond energy of carbon-carbon bonds in single, double, and triple bonds.
stronger the bond, shorter the length.
http://cbc-wb01x.chemistry.ohio-state.edu/~woodward/ch121/ch8_bondorder.htm
The bond length and bond energy of carbon-carbon bonds depend on the type of bond between two carbon atoms: single, double, or triple bonds.
In a single bond, also known as a sigma bond (σ-bond), two carbon atoms share a pair of electrons. The bond length of a carbon-carbon single bond is longer than that of a double or triple bond. It typically ranges from 1.54 to 1.54 Å (angstroms). To determine the bond length of a carbon-carbon single bond experimentally, various techniques can be used, such as X-ray crystallography or spectroscopic methods.
The bond energy of a single carbon-carbon bond refers to the amount of energy required to break the bond and separate the carbon atoms completely. In the case of a carbon-carbon single bond, the bond energy is relatively lower compared to double or triple bonds. The exact value of bond energy can vary depending on the surrounding atoms, molecular context, and experimental conditions used to measure it. Carbon-carbon single bonds are generally weaker and more easily broken compared to double or triple bonds.
In a double bond, one sigma (σ) bond and one pi (π) bond form between the carbon atoms. The carbon-carbon double bond consists of two shared electron pairs, resulting in a shorter bond length compared to a single bond. The bond length of a carbon-carbon double bond typically ranges from 1.33 to 1.34 Å. The presence of the pi (π) bond adds stability and strengthens the bond between the carbon atoms.
The bond energy of a carbon-carbon double bond is higher than that of a single bond. Breaking a double bond requires more energy due to the increased bond strength. However, it is still relatively weaker compared to a triple bond.
A triple bond between two carbon atoms consists of one sigma (σ) bond and two pi (π) bonds. The presence of three shared electron pairs results in an even shorter bond length compared to a single or double bond. The bond length of a carbon-carbon triple bond typically ranges from 1.20 to 1.22 Å.
The bond energy of a carbon-carbon triple bond is the highest among all three types of carbon-carbon bonds. Triple bonds are difficult to break due to their increased bond strength and require more energy.
In summary, the bond length and bond energy of carbon-carbon bonds decrease as the bond order increases, with single bonds being the longest and weakest, followed by double bonds, and triple bonds being the shortest and strongest.